Monday, March 31, 2014

3.31.14 Tennessee Civil War Notes

        31, Skirmish on the Purdy Road, near Adamsville

MARCH 31, 1862.-Skirmish on the Purdy Road, near Adamsville, Tenn.

REPORTS.

No. 1.-Brig. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army.

No. 2.-Lieut. Charles H. Murray, Fifth Ohio Cavalry.

No. 1.

Report of Brig. Gen. Lewis Wallace, U. S. Army.

HDQRS. THIRD DIVISION,

Crump's Landing, Tenn., April 1, 1862.

SIR: I inclose a report of a skirmish between our picket at Adamsville and a small body of the rebels, which resulted unfortunately for us. As the general will see, the officer reporting attributes the misfortune to a deficiency of arms. My opinion is, however, it was partly from that cause and partly from his bad management, having, according to his own showing, but few arms; and the enemy being superior in number and armed with shot-guns, he ought either to have avoided a fight or charged pell-mell. What he says about the deficiency of arms and its effect upon his men I think worthy of attention, and with that opinion I beg to call the general's notice to it.

Very respectfully,

LEW. WALLACE, Gen., Third Division.

No. 2.

Report of Lieut. Charles H. Murray, Fifth Ohio Cavalry.

ADAMSVILLE, April 1, 1862.

SIR: I was yesterday evening intrusted with 28 men from Company I, Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and instructed to proceed on the main road from this place to Purdy and relieve the temporary cavalry picket that had been thrown out, under command of Lieut. A. C. Rossman, on the approach of our forces to this place. On reaching the rendezvous of our picket Lieut. Rossman reported that the enemy's pickets had been seen during the afternoon but a quarter of a mile in advance of our own, and that there were suspicious indications that the enemy's cavalry contemplated making a charge upon our pickets. With this information I deemed it necessary to advance all the force under my command, to station the first night relief, and reconnoiter the ground of our outer pickets, with a view to place them in the safest position for the night. When I reached our out pickets I found the enemy were hovering around a neighboring woods in front. I drew in our pickets a short distance, and stationed 4 carbineers and 2 men with pistols below a small hill in the road, where they would be in some measure screened from the enemy, and yet able to discover their approach a long distance on the road. I had just completed this arrangement and wheeled my main force to return when the picket signaled the approach of the enemy's cavalry. I immediately commanded the main force about and ordered the carbineers to support the pickets. The carbineers in the force advanced with the pickets to the brow of the hill and checked the rebel charge. When they reached this position the rebels, who had advanced within a few paces, opened a rapid and severe fire from their double-barreled shot-guns. This our men returned with spirit, nor did a man flinch until they had emptied their carbines and pistols.

I cannot speak in too high terms of the bravery that this little band manifested, as they received the full fire of an overwhelming foe. During this engagement the main force to stand firm below the hill, where they were under cover-the enemy's fire passing 3 or 4 feet over their heads.

When the pickets gave way and fell back on our ranks many of the horses, which were unaccustomed to firing, became restive and produced confusion in our ranks. At the same time the enemy advanced, and our men, most of whom were armed with nothing but a saber, gave way, and a general retreat followed. The enemy pursued about half a mile.

We lost in this engagement 3 men, with their arms (armed with carbine, pistol, and saber), as follows: Sergt. E. T. Cook and Privates William Ledwell and John Pelley. When Sergeant Cook was seen he was riding amongst the rebels, fighting them hand to hand. It is not ascertained if he was wounded before being taken prisoner. Ledwell is supposed to be badly wounded or killed, as his saddle was covered with blood. Pelley is a prisoner, and supposed unharmed. The horses of the captured men by some means escaped and returned to camp with their saddle equipments. Four of our horses were hit; one disabled.

In concluding this report permit me to say that our men will not stand and cope with such a well-armed foe while they themselves are so inefficiently and poorly armed. We have now but 7 carbineers to our company and no cartridges for them. We are in possession of but 28 pistols, and they were long since condemned as wholly unfit for service. They are a spurious weapon, made out of cast iron, and one half of the time will neither cock nor revolve. These facts contribute to discourage our men and chill their ardor.

Every succeeding defeat similar to the present will render our men more timid and the rebels more confident. Every engagement of our cavalry with theirs, under our present poorly-armed condition, must prove disastrous. Our men are brave. They ask for good arms; they deserve them. They say, "Give us good weapons and we will fight to the death."

I am, sir, your most obedient servant,

C. H. MURRAY, Lieut. Company I, Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 10, pt. I, pp. 78-79.

 

 

        31, Parson Brownlow's sick bed narrative

Persecution of Parson Brownlow.

His Own Story of His Trials.

The following narrative is from Dr. Brownlow's own lips, and lately dictated by him while lying sick at Nashville, Tenn.

Our reign of terror has been as violent and relentless as ever was experienced in the civilized world.

I will not pause to speak of the several elections held to carry the State out, but will content myself by saying that it was never fairly voted out, but forced out at the point of a bayonet, good men being unwilling to encounter the insults threats, and injuries of the Secesh mob.

The stream of Secession fire commenced pouring through the town of Knoxville upon the East Tennessee Railroad as far back as twelve months ago, thousands of armed troops going toward the Potomac before Lincoln's proclamation appeared and before the assault upon Fort Sumter.

My house and office were singled out as objects worthy of special assault and battery. The infuriated Southern soldiers, of the lowest morals imaginable, were encouraged by the Secession citizens to put down the flag over my residence and demolish my office. Upon the arrival of every new installment, while awaiting transportation, they surrounded my house, howling like wolves, swearing and cursing like troopers, and blackguarding its inmates without regard to age or sex.

I continued to fight them in every legitimate shape until October 25, 1861, when they seized upon my office, building, press, type and engine, and used the edifice for repairing and preparing guns for their soldiers. On the 6th of November the election for President and Vice President of the Rebel Government, and for members of the Rebel Congress took place.

The Union voters refused to go to the polls, the result of which was that Davis and Stephens obtained no votes of any consequence, and their Congressmen were elected by some 700 votes from the largest districts. Out of 175,000 votes in the whole State, Davis and Stephen received about 25,000, and mighty few of these in East Tennessee-the Sheriffs and their deputies utterly refusing to open polls.

This exasperated soldiers and citizens of the Secesh party, and they determined to hang the leading Unionists. At the same time the Legislature passed a law ordering all Union men to give up their fire-arms of every description, under penalty of fine and imprisonment. This was followed in East Tennessee by the burning of bridges by Union men. Then came the tug of war. On this condition of affairs, at the earnest solicitation of my family and friends, I retreated into the "Smoky Mountains" with a company of ten or twelve Unionists, among whom was a venerable minister of the Gospel, in his 77th year, who had served as an officer in two campaigns, under Gen. Jackson in the war of 1812, fighting not for the "Southern Confederacy," but for the United States of America. This venerable man of God had committed no other offence save that of declaring himself for the Federal Government, under whose flag he had fought and bled. In these mountains, far beyond the limits of civilization, we encamped for days, and nights together, subsisting upon bear meat, will turkeys, and such provisions as we were able to carry with us.

After a time we returned to the settlements, traveling by night and putting up by day at the houses of friends. Meantime the Rebel cavalry were out in pursuit of us with double-barreled shot-guns, with orders to shoot us down at sight and capture none of us as prisoners. We separated, and some of our number were captured. They were unable to find me, although I saw their cavalry pass my hiding place in rapid succession at different times. Finally, failing to capture me, the Secretary of War, Benjamin, the Jew, instructed Major-General Crittenden to give me passports and an escort out of the "Confederacy," into the United States lines, on the ground that I was a dangerous man to the South, and keeping up the Union sentient of East Tennessee. General Crittenden addressed me a note saying if I would report myself at his head-quarters within twenty-four hours, he would grant me passports and escorts. I did so promptly the next day, and it was agreed that I should start the next morning, escorted by Captain Gillespie's company of cavalry, into Zollicoffer's lines. But that evening about sunset, Confederate Attorney Ramsey had me arrested by the Marshal on a warrant for treason, founded on the editorials of my paper before the State seceded. I was refused a trial and security, though I offered to enter into a bond of $100,000 for my appearance. Consequently I was thrown into the Knoxville jail on the 6th of December, where I found one hundred and fifty Union men, many of them the best citizens of East Tennessee. We had neither table, bench, chair, nor stool and the provisions furnished were the offal of a miserable old hotel, kept by the Confederate Marshal. While there, they would take out as many as two at a time and set on their coffins, in a cart, and, surrounded by bayonets, carry them to the gallows and hang them. Secession ladies of Knoxville [were] going out to witness the frolic. In one instance, a man by the name of Haun was hung with only an hour's notice. He requested that a minister should come and pray for him. His request was denied with cursing and bitterness. The jails, in the other counties were many of them filled also, and as they became crowded the prisoners were sent off in gangs of thirty and forty at a time to Tuscaloosa for confinement during the war. Their money and fire-arms were taken from them and confiscated in favor of the jailers.

After a confinement of four weeks, I was taken down with typhoid fever. Upon the physician certifying to the commander that my condition was critical, I was removed to a room in my own residence and a double guard placed around me to prevent any intercourse between the Unionists and myself. There I lay eight weeks longer badly salivated, so low as to require assistance in getting in or out of bed. Finding myself at length able to travel, I requested Mr. Benjamin to carry out his promise. Accordingly on the 3d of March I started for Nashville by rail, with an armed guard of ten men, under the command of two Rebel officers of my selection. I will not pause to narrate all the incidents by the way, as I contemplate the publication of all the facts in a more permanent form.

Upon my arrival at Shelbyville, fifty-five miles south of Nashville, I found the Rebel army in large numbers rapidly retreating and greatly alarmed. General Hardee, in command of Shelbyville, refused to let me pass, and held me in confinement ten days, threatening to send me to Montgomery, Alabama, and imprison me there. The Unionists of the town and county were so numerous and enthusiastic in their demonstrations at my quarters that Hardee said this Brownlow demonstration must stop, or he would take him in hand. When shown the flag of truce and Benjamin's pass he excused himself by saying that he didn't wish me to inform General Buell of the amount of stores in Shelbyville. Finally, the army all leaving, excepting Morgan's 500 cavalry, 200 of whom were Texan Rangers, who swore violently that they intended to kill me before I reached the Federal lines. I employed several buggies, stole a march upon them, and went off at a rapid speed on the Knowlinsville [sic] turnpike instead of the usual road to Nashville.

On Saturday, the 15th, I arrived within the Federal lines, seven miles south of Nashville, where Brigadier-General Wood received my flag of truce, and both himself, officers and privates treated me with marked kindness and respect-so much so that I was overpowered and for a moment unable to talk. For the first time in twelve months I felt I was in "the land of the free and the home of the brave."

From the first to last I have put myself under no obligations whatever to the bogus Confederacy. While in jail they offered to release me and guarantee my safety if I would take the oath of allegiance, but I indignantly refused, telling them that they had no Government; that it was a big, brutal Southern nest; never had been recognized by any Government on earth and never would be, and that I would die of an old age in jail before I would disgrace myself by taking any such oath.

In conclusion, I have not had time to speak in detail of the destruction of Union property, the robbing of Union houses, the stealing of Union horses and negroes, and of the various and numerous other enormities perpetrated by these vandals. Suffice it to say that if the Federal Government does nothing more during this war, she owes it to the loyal citizens of East Tennessee to redress their wrongs and to emancipate them from the clutches of their oppressors.

I have never doubted that the Government would crush out this rebellion, but have felt mortified and scourged because the Federals have been so slow in reaching East Tennessee. Where they were wanted most they leave last. The Union sentient of East Tennessee has never yet yielded at hair's breadth, and the approach of a Federal army would be [greeted] with as much enthusiasm and joy as the people of Palestine hailed the announcement "this day is born to your in the city of Bethlehem a Savoir, who is Christ the Lord."

I have escaped from the Philistines and my son with me, to avoid his being forced into the Rebel army. My wide and five little children remain in bondage. When they are to be released and I permitted to return God only knows.

W. G. Brownlow.

Philadelphia Inquirer, March 31, 1862.

 

 

        31, Skirmish near Franklin

MARCH 31, 1863.-Skirmish near Franklin, Tenn.

Report of Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army.

FRANKLIN, TENN., March 31, 1863.

GEN.: Our cavalry moved out on the Lewisburg and Columbia pike to-day, encountering the rebels some 7 miles out, and, skirmishing for several hours, [added emphasis] took 5 prisoners from them. I learn that Van Dorn is still in our front, and that a part of his force is somewhere on a scout. Can learn nothing of rebel movements in any quarter. Orders were given last night for cooking four days' rations for a scout. Jackson, Armstrong, and Cosby were in front to-day.

G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 199.

 

 

        31, Federal foraging along Cumberland River near Carthage

No circumstantial reports filed.

Excerpt from correspondence between Brigadier-General George Crook and Brigadier-General James A. Garfield

CARTHAGE, TENN., April 1, 1863.

Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff, Army of the Cumberland, Murfreesborough, Tenn.:

* * * *

I sent boats some 14 miles up the river day before yesterday, foraging, and sent them down below Rome yesterday after wood. Saw nothing of the rebels. Please answer at once.

GEORGE CROOK, Brig.-Gen.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 199.

 

 

        31, SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 79 relative to punishment of Memphis attorneys-at-law John Hallum and John J. Sharp

SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 79. HDQRS. SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tenn., March 31, 1864.

* * * *

V. In the case of John Hallum, purporting to be an attorney-at-law, he is convicted of surreptitiously procuring passes and exemptions, and disposing of the same for large sums of money. The fact of his belonging to an honorable profession enhances his guilt.

The flimsy pretense that as an attorney-at-law he had a right to "charge his clients" for services is too transparent a subterfuge to avail him. A lawyer has the right to fees' for professional services. It is no part of the practice of the law to procure fraudulent passes and make merchandise of them.

It is a disgrace to the profession, and would only be indulged in by an unscrupulous pettifogger regardless of reputation and seeking to make money by any dishonorable trick. It is evident that this man knew that the passes in question were obtained by some underhand practice, probably by his confederate in swindling, Cady. No doubt, too, exists that by reason of these base practices suspicion has been thrown in the public mind upon the officers of the Government as participants in this nefarious traffic.

An example's required in this community, and Mr. Hallum supplies the subject.

It is ordered that John Hallum pay a fine to the United States of $1,000, that he be confined sixty days at Fort Pickering, and that he be forever prohibited from directly or indirectly appearing as attorney in any court organized by military authority, and that at the expiration of the sixty days of imprisonment, if the fine be not paid, he be imprisoned until the same is paid.

It is further ordered that a copy of this order be sent to the clerk of the United States court at Memphis, to be laid before the judge thereof at the next sitting, with the request that the name of said John Hallum be struck from the roll of attorneys.

* * * *

VII. J. W. Sharp, attorney-at-law, has been arraigned and tried for the offense of smuggling.

The proof shows conclusively that he bribed sentinels on duty to pass out contraband goods, among which were found eighteen pairs cavalry boots.

The evidence is irresistible, and to the ordinary, guilt of smuggling is added the crime of supplying the enemy with what they most need. The defense sets up the plea that the evidence of colored persons cannot be received. In this the counsel betrays great ignorance. The testimony of negroes [sic] has been always received in courts-martial, both in the Army and Navy. Military courts are governed by military law, and there is no distinction as to competency made in such courts by reason of color. The statutes of Tennessee are in abridgment of the common law, civil and military, and not binding upon military courts.

All persons who understand the sanctity of an oath are competent witnesses. The testimony was properly admitted and the guilt is proven.

It is therefore ordered that J. W. Sharp pay a fine of $1,000 to the United States, that he be imprisoned in the military prison at Alton for three years and until the fine is paid. It is further ordered that the wagon and team of the witness Dickerson be restored to him.

* * * *

 

By order of Maj. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut:

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, pp. 206-207.

 

 

        31, Confederate destruction of railroad trackage and bridges in Lick Creek and Bull's Gap environs

KNOXVILLE, March 31, 1864.

Maj.-Gen. SHERMAN:

The rebels have all gone from Bull's Gap, and are now beyond Greeneville. They have destroyed the railroad bridge across Lick Creek and the trestle-work near the gap; they have also broken up the railroad to some extent and carried off the telegraph wire. This is all positive and I take it is conclusive as to Longstreet's designs.

J. M. SCHOFIELD, Maj.-Gen.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 199.

 

MOSSY CREEK, March 31, 1864.

Gen. SCHOFFIELD:

I have intelligence from scouts and citizens that rebels are certainly all gone, and now beyond Greeneville. They burnt the railroad bridge and the wagon bridge on Lick Creek; have torn up the railroad generally, telegraph wire taken off, trestle burned at the gap. This is all reliable.

I have men who have seen all I send you.

R. A. CRAWFORD, Chief of Scouts.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 200.

 

 

        31, Beginnings of restoration of civilian rule in West Tennessee

HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF The CUMBERLAND, Nashville, March 31, 1865.

Maj. Gen. C. C. WASHBURN, Cmdg. District of West Tennessee:

GEN.: The major-general commanding the department desires that as far as is practicable and consistent with the best interests of the service you will endeavor to restore confidence to the people of West Tennessee, and encourage them in any desire they may express to enforce civil laws against the outlaws and guerrillas who infest their counties. To this end you are authorized to occupy and repair the Memphis and Charleston Railroad as far as LaGrange, if you think you have sufficient force to guard it that far. This would interpose a force between the people of West Tennessee and the enemy's territory in Mississippi. Encourage all the counties of West Tennessee to organize their county courts and administer the civil laws, assuring them that they will not be interfered with by the military authorities as long as they conduct themselves in a manner loyal to the Government of the United States; encouraging them also to cultivate their farms, with the assurance that no more arbitrary seizures of private property of any kind, particularly horses, mules, and oxen, will be permitted, and that they will be permitted to carry to market and dispose of at Memphis, Hickman, Columbus, and Paducah whatever products of their farms they may have to dispose of without molestation. If the people of West Tennessee desire to reopen and operate the Memphis and Ohio, Memphis and Louisville, or the Mobile and Ohio Road north of Corinth, they will be permitted to do so, subject to no restriction except that they transport over them toward the south nothing but contraband of war. Say to the people of West Tennessee that it is not designed to oppress them if it can be avoided, and they may pursue their peaceful occupations without fear of being molested, but that it is expected that they will at least make an effort to redeem themselves from their present miserable condition and exhibit to the world that they are worthy of the leniency which has been shown them. It is expected that they will keep themselves well informed of all offensive movements of the enemy in their quarter of the State and inform the nearest military authority promptly of the same; and to avoid sending troops into the interior as much as possible it is expected that the people of each country will take care to preserve peace and quiet within its limits, as it will be held responsible for the same.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

WM. D. WHIPPLE, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 49, pt. II, p. 169.

 


James B. Jones, Jr.

Public Historian

Tennessee Historical Commission

2941 Lebanon Road

Nashville, TN  37214

(615)-532-1550  x115

(615)-532-1549  FAX

 

Sunday, March 30, 2014

3.30.2014 Tennessee Civil War Notes

        30, Madame Arrabella Clifton, Memphis psychic

Astrology.

Madam Arrabella Clifton, the great Astrologer and Planet Reader, who has mastered all the sciences in the gift of prophesy, can be consulted at her office, at Mrs. Hightower's, corner of Commerce and Second streets, where she will be happy to see all who may favor her with their patronage. She is well known as a lady of truth and respectability. Medicine supplied for all curable diseases. Remember the place, corner of Commerce and Second streets

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 30, 1861.

 

        30, Relief for the Homeless in Memphis

Home for the Homeless.—We have lying before us a list of the inmates of this excellent institution, from which we learn that eleven women, fourteen children and three men are at the "home." The former as recipients of its bounties; the men are engaged, one as driver, etc., the other two as gardeners, and they are now laying out the grounds in very handsome style, under the superintendence of the matron.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 30, 1861.

 

        30, A plea for a cemetery for the poor in Memphis - undertakers' fees

A Potters Field.—To a heart touched with one feeling of that charity, without which all else is but as "the sounding brass and tinkling symbal," [sic] there is something inexpressibly sad in the thought that in a city blessed with prosperity as ours has been, we offer to the friendless, the poor, and the homeless, no shelter where they may lay their head, whether in life or death. Those who find themselves among us without a roof to sleep under, find no place provided for them, as is done in other cities. For the poor who die, there is no potters' field where we may bury strangers, as is also usually provided in other cities. We stated a short time ago, and we did it upon official information, that on account of the great expense of funerals in this city, the practice of burying infants in out-of-the-way spots in the suburbs, is quite prevalent. The ordinary charge for burying a negro child is eighteen dollars; of a white one twenty dollars. Such charges are more than many in our midst can afford top pay. We learn from an undertaker that the high charge arises from the great expense that attends obtaining ground for burial. At Elmwood cemetery, to bury white people costs ten dollars for a child, and fifteen dollars for a grown person; the cost for negroes ten dollars, and twelve dollars and a half are demanded. At Winchester cemetery the rates are for white persons nine dollars; for negroes, ten dollars for blacks of all sizes. The Catholics, with a piety that does them infinite credit, are the only persons in the city who have provided the poor with a spot where the dust that once shrouded God's image can be placed, under circumstances that shall not trench upon the purse of penury or violate the honest pride of the poor. They have a burial ground where all of their people can find sepulture for the moderate sum of five dollars. The city used to own a place of burial; when that became filled, the funerals of paupers, that were formerly an expense to the city of five dollars each, rose to fourteen dollars each; so that our city council are guilty of bad economy as well as of an improper regard for the wants of the poor in what they are doing, or rather neglecting to do, in this matter. It will easily be imagined that when to the rates charged for ground in the only spots open to the general public—which charges we should state include the digging and filling of the grave—are as high as stated above, the addition of coffin, carriage hire and services will easily run up the undertaker's charge to eighteen and twenty dollars.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 30, 1861.

 

 

        30, The trouble with Green Pork

Whose business is it too see that the government supplies of army stores, and especially green pork, are kept in a proper and safe condition?

Green pork just taken from the pickle will suffer deterioration if shipped and warehoused in large masses without being hung up and smoked till it becomes hard and dry: much of it may even be lost with out this precaution. Let somebody look into this matter. The government daily loses by carelessness and unfaithfulness of its agents.-Knoxville Register.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 30, 1862.[1]

 

        30, Federal Wolves in Sheep's Clothing

Our Real Danger.

From the Selma [AL] Republican.

Since the fall of Donelson, and the occupation of Nashville by the Federal soldiery, many of the inhabitants along the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers are reported as having expressed great surprise at the amiable behavior and extreme moderation of the northern generals. On the principle that more flies can be caught with sugar than salt these wolves in sheep's clothing have visited the old women and sold them coffee at six cents per pound, and other articles equally cheap; and on top of this, they have put the finishing stroke of conciliating the disaffected by the plentiful use of soft solder; but we have lost our reckoning in these sniveling Yankees-these wooden  nutmeg manufacturers-will so far succeed in combing the wool over the faces of our [citizens about their actions (?)] in respect to the true intent and purpose of this invasion of their soil. In one instance, a little incident of war was related to us, which is doubtless illustrative of the balance:

A widow lady had lost a pig at the hands of the Federal soldiery. She made no mention of the matter, but a northern officer, learning the facts, galloped instantly to her door, with his mouth full of apologies and a five dollar bill in his hand, all of which was freely given to the matron in satisfaction for her missing shoat. It does not require a Solomon to see that this sort of strategy is bound to succeed with certain members of the genus homo, who meekly swallow the sugar-coated ratsbane and hemlock dropped down their throats by the chuckling enemy. There are, too, superannuated grandmothers, whose peculiar temptation lies in a good cup of coffee; and with these appliances, and the gift of gab-for which the Yankees are noted-they will certainly make a breach in the less loyal portions of our common country. Of course the signs of liberality exhibited to our people are deceptive and transitory, while their purposes of proscription are stubborn and unmistakable; but it requires a little time and some thought to appreciate these facts.

The grand spoil contemplated by the aggressive war of the enemy will not, of course, tolerate private marauding, because this policy would obstruct the march of the army, and also obstruct the march of the army, and also abstract that much from the big prize. The object of the Federal government is manifestly to confiscate all of our property, real or personal, and to appropriate the whole southern region to the production of such staples as make the basis of our wealth. The victors are to take actual possession of our plantations, and our people are to be made to toil the support of the northern Vandals. The repression of private rapine invades the nation's prerogative for plunder, and also lessens the expected spoil. The government has yet to put into operation its machinery for the confiscation of southern property and the forcible seizure of persons, who are to be extorted in the matter of rendering their allegiance to the Federal dynasty. These facts are, however, so plain as to need no further amplification. There is but one way to meet the invader-put one kind of hospitality due him, and that is too plain to need specification. We trust the people will prepare for all possible emergencies,[2] and strike down the foe whether he comes with the smiles of Judas, or the intent of an open enemy.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 30, 1862. [3]

 

 

        30, Confederate authorities in East Tennessee encourage emigration beyond Confederate lines

GENERAL ORDERS, No. 64. HDQRS. DEPT. OF EAST TENNESSEE,

Knoxville, March 30, 1863.

I. To non-combatants and persons exempt from military duty residing within the Department of East Tennessee, desirous of removing beyond the Confederate lines, permits will be granted upon application to the department commander.

II. Applications for passports will be made through the deputy provost-marshal, within whose district the applicant resides, to Col. John E. Toole, provost-marshal for the department, and by him referred to the department commander, who will indicate the route to be traveled.

By command of Brig. Gen. D. S. Donelson:

J. G. MARTIN, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 731.

 

30, Punishing smugglers, fraud and treason

Army Police Proceedings.

Before the Chief of Army Police, Nashville, March 30, 1863.—

Mrs. John Trainor was arrested under a charge of being associated with her husband in his extensive smuggling operations. She was arrested in Louisville, Ky., and brought to this place.

C. Tavel, a druggist of Louisville, Ky., was arrested in that city and brought to this place, charged with selling Mrs. Trainor a large quantity of medicines to be smuggled South. Tavel admits that he sold Mrs. Trainor one thousand ounces of quinine and two hundred pounds of opium, believing that it was to be thus disposed of, for the sum of six thousand four hundred dollars. The investigation of the Trainor case is developing a most extensive system of fraud and treason.

E. R. Davis, of company D, of the "Anderson Troop," and Charles Springer were arrested at Louisville and brought to this city, charged with being connected with the Trainor smuggling operations. After the taking of testimony Springer was discharged.

Joseph Winburn and Milton Kellogg, were arrested under a charge of aiding John Trainor in smuggling. Winburn was paroled for the present.

Dr. Chas. H. Dubois and Mrs. M. E. Trousdell were arrested at the City Hotel charged with aiding John Trainor in smuggling. They are ordered to be sent to Alton, Ill.

Nashville Dispatch, March 31, 1863.

 

 

        30, "The Powder Magazine." [4]

Weak nerves have been sadly shattered periodically for the past eighteen months, by every fire and every thunder storm, by every alarm, and by the reading of accounts of every explosion, by the possessors of said weak nerves, who could not forget that we had in our midst a volcano, waiting to be "touched off," to consign all living creatures in Nashville and vicinity to kingdom come. We are rejoiced at being able to inform these persons that their fears will soon be set at rest; that the large magazine which has been for some time under process of construction, is rapidly approaching completion, and will be, when finished, the most capacious and most thorough magazine in the country. The magazine was planned and built by Lieut. Willet,[5] of the 38th Illinois, and is thus described by the editor of the Times:[6]

The magazine is built on the site of the old city hospital which was destroyed by fire in February, 1863, and is situated in the centre of a yard of eight acres, which is surrounded by a stone wall. When completed it will be bomb-proof, and will be covered with at least two feet of earth. The magazine is over two hundred feet long and sixty five feet wide. It is lighted by means of reflecting lamps, which are placed in fire proof chambers outside of the structure, the light passing through windows into the magazine. It is thoroughly ventilated, having fourteen ventilators, besides high and large double doors at each end. There is an air space all around the lining, flooring and ceiling, and the ground, walls and roof. This space connects all around, and is also provided with ventilators, so that dampness cannot reach the magazine. Besides these are large drains running under the entire work. A branch railway is being built to connect the magazine yard with the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, and is nearly finished. The structure has been named "Magazine Granger," in honor of the immense quantities of powder and fixed ammunition, which has for a long time jeopardized the lives of our people and the existence of the town, has been transferred to the structure above mentioned.

Nashville Dispatch, March 30, 1864.

 

        30, Confederate smuggling in Shelby County

March, Wednesday 30, 1864

It seems I can never go to Memphis without some disagreeable arrangements and sayings. I was greatly disappointed in my trip. Tate and I went together. I stoped [sic] at Mrs. Facklen's on Union St.-she went on up to Cousin Frazor's in the buggy-Mrs. Facklen and Mrs. Kirk in great distress, old Hurbbut [i.e., Gen. Hurlbut] gave her ten days to abandon her house, she took an old Yankee Officer, his Wife & two children to board with her, hoping he would recall the heartless order to make her and her little children homeless. I did not smuggle a thing through the lines, except some letters. Mr. Tommery gave me a permit to bring 2 Gals Whiskey and 5 bbs Tobacco-which I got home safely. Frazor came out in the buggy with me, Cousin Mat and Tate came together, we did not have any trouble at all-they all sat up very late in the Parlor, I came to my room early. Jim and Mr. Pugh came with me to try my whiskey-which they pronounced very good.

I received a letter from Mrs. Moses today-and am really distressed she did not receive the last I forwarded to her. Forrest is having his own way in Kentucky-God grant Eddie may be safe.

Diary of Belle Edmondson.

 

        30, A Report of a Practical Joke in Newport

A Laughable Affair.

A correspondent of the Southern Confederacy writing from Newport, Tenn., relates the following:

A laughable affair took place yesterday evening at Mr. Jack's not many miles from here, that was fun for the boys, but death to the officers engaged. During the evening quite a party of young ladies and officers of the Division met the aforesaid gentleman's, just outside the picket lines, for the purpose of having a social party and a good time generally; but alas! for the mutability of human affairs—they found out, (as the sequel will prove,) that

"Pleasures are like poppies spread,

You seize the flower—its bloom is shed—

Or like the snow falls in the river,

A moment white—then melts forever."

No sooner had they commenced to amuse themselves according to the bent of their inclinations—some to playing cards, others to courting slyly in corners upon easy sofas, while the balance of the party were all attention to the warbling sweetness of a fair Miss, who was doing up in appropriate style on the piano, "When this Cruel War is Over," their whole enjoyment was upset by a party of mad wags of the 8th Texas Cavalry.

Learning of the party, some fifteen or twenty of them not having a proper fear of military law before their eyes, and moved and instigated by the power of fun loving mischief, determined to give them a scare and have some fun at the expense of the officers.

Accordingly, they set out from camp, and reaching the road a quarter of a mile ahead of the house, they sent one of their number a hundred yards ahead, to personate a rebel, then putting spurs to their steeds, they dashed down the road after him, shooting and shouting, "Stop! you d____d rebel; stop!" The ruse had the desired effect. A servant heard them coming—rushed to the door, exclaiming: "The Yankees! The Yankees are coming!"

The officers had heard the firing, and no sooner the word Yankees escaped the negros' [sic] lips than they all made a frantic rush for the door, overturning in their "hot haste," music stands, card tables, chairs, sweethearts, and everything else that stood in the way of their exit, reaching which, they struck a bee line for the woods and camp, tumbling over ditches, and fences, and lastly the crowning fear, plunging in and swimming Pigeon River, leaving behind in their hurry, pistols, horses, overcoats and hats. Nor did they halt until they reached camp, where they found the second brigade of Colonel Dibrell's Division drawn up in battle array, having been alarmed by the firing, to whom they unfolded a terrible tale of raiders. The next morning the true story leaked out to the extreme mortification of those engaged, but to the edification of the Court.

Montgomery Weekly Advertiser, March 30, 1864.[7]

 

 

 

        30, Sinking of the transport Mattie Cabler

Order of Acting Rear-Admiral, Lee, U. S. Navy, to Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Wells, U. S. Navy, in case of a call from the quartermaster at Nashville for assistance in raising the transport Mattie Cabler.

MOUND CITY, April 1, 1865.

SIR: The transport Mattie Cabler, I am informed by Quartermaster Garland Donaldson, was sunk in the Cumberland 22 miles below Nashville on the 30th ultimo. If the Army quartermaster telegraphs for the services of the Little Champion, as I momentarily expect him to do, send her to the Cumberland to render all practicable assistance, delivering the enclosed order to her commanding officer, and inform Commodore Livingston that I desire her to render this service, or show him the order.

Respectfully, yours,

S. P. LEE, Acting Rear-Admiral, Commanding Mississippi Squadron.

Acting Volunteer Lieutenant F. S. WELLS, Commanding U. S. S. Kate, Mound City.

Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 27, p. 130.

 



[1] As cited in PQCW.

[2] No doubt the people assumed the Confederate government would have prepared for all possible emergencies. Instead it was grossly incompetent.

[3] As cited in PQCW.

[4] Contemporary schematic drawings of the powder magazine are located at the Tennessee Division of Archaeology.

[5] Unidentified. No mention is made of him in the OR.

[6] Probably the Nashville Daily Press and Times

[7] As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu/vbetts.


James B. Jones, Jr.

Public Historian

Tennessee Historical Commission

2941 Lebanon Road

Nashville, TN  37214

(615)-532-1550  x115

(615)-532-1549  FAX

 

Saturday, March 29, 2014

3,29.2014 Tennessee Civil War Notes

29, Maynard rifles as a recruiting tool in Memphis

Maynard Rifles.—About thirty rifles have been received in this city by young gentlemen who are practicing with a view to form a new military company. It is suggested that there are probably a hundred of these rifles in the city, and that it would be well for their owners to meet and practice in concert. If any disposition is shown to accept of this proposition the time and place of meeting will be named.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1861.

 

 

29, Sons of the South to serve the Confederacy

Military Services Rendered.—The Sons of the South, who now number eighty men, and will soon amount to a hundred, have an agent in Montgomery, Ala., tendering their services to the Confederated States. A dispatch was yesterday received, stating that the tender was accepted, and the company must hold itself in readiness to march at an early day. Judge Winslow, who is a relation of Jeff Davis, and who has recently returned from Mexico, is their commander.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1861.

 

 

        29, The New York World's observations on the women of Nashville

The Ladies of Nashville.

All the correspondents of the Northern press, writing from Nashville, credit the ladies of that city with demonstrating the most ultra southern sentiments. There seems to be no misunderstanding their political proclivities. Here is what the correspondent of the New York World thinks of them:

["] While I am on the subject of manners and deportment, I will occupy a paragraph with the she-cessionists of this city. They are our most rancorous and rantankerous opponents. To be sure, they do not rush into the streets and fall upon our troops with broomsticks and bodkins, but they do fall upon them in doors with a weapon of which they have long been expert mistresses. Such an exhibition of acerbity, vengeance and venom I have never seen exceeded. Countenances that have heretofore belonged to the softest of the softer sex, seem now to have become the property of very vixens. These amiables gnash upon us with their teeth. They breathe out threatenings and slaughter against us. Their eyes—blue, black, or grey—ordinarily captivating from their languid luster, are transformed into balls of fire, and emit sparks that smarten the spot they fall on. Mouths, usually slow, simpering and sweet of speech, now chatter away with the most energetic animosity.

The older females share the spirit of the sulkier sex, and move like hoopless specters about their dark and dismal residences. I called upon one of them with a greeting and message from her sister in Illinois, from whom she had long been blockaded. I presented them to her. [Silence.]; I observed that it was a fine day. She said it was. I did not ask her to be seated. I did not send any word by her to her sister in Illinois. I bid her good afternoon. She did the same to me.

I shall make no further attempts at describing the condition of this people. It exceeds description. Suffice it to say that the citizens of Nashville are in what Lindley Murray would call the indicative mood, and blue [sic]perfect tense. I must not fail to say, however, before leaving my lampoon of the ladies, that all of them are not of this unnatural pattern. No, no; the blessing of our wounded ones here upon female philanthropy would rebuke the discrepancy. The hospitals are abundant in the charity and attention of women. Among them is the venerable Mrs. James K. Polk. ["]

On the same subject the Dayton (O.) Journal publishes, by permission, the following, from a private letter from Lieut. R. W. Lowe, of the 19th, United States army, dated Nashville, March 9th. Lieut. Lowe says:

["] Everything is dead in Nashville, and the people are very bitter. Most of the men have long since left, but the women are as mean and impudent as possible. Whenever they pass a soldier on the street, they twist their pretty faces into all imaginable shapes to express their intense disgust, and if you get into conversation with them, they will wish you all manner of evil, and abuse you without mercy. Even at church, this morning, they turned up their noses disdainfully at my shoulder-straps and brass buttons. One young miss in the choir expressed herself by displaying a miniature secession flag. It will take a long time to win these people back, but I firmly believe that fraternal feelings will one day be restored.["];

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1862.

 

 

        29, Criminal Activity in Confederate Memphis

A DESPERATE CHARACTER-POLICEMAN SHOT. We stated several times just before martial law was proclaimed that many bad and desperate men, driven from Richmond by martial law, from Nashville by its surrender to the enemy, and from New Orleans by the strict enforcement of the militia law, had taken refuge in Memphis. Among them was a company of ten or twelve of the most complete villains of New Orleans, to which band is attributed most of the highway robberies that have occurred in the city of late, and it is believed by the police that among this gang was a man who murdered the cigar dealer Honuewald, on Jefferson street. Mellvoy, whose pranks in the city and mutiny in camp-after having joined Capt. Bryan's company to avoid imprisonment in jail-we have already chronicled,[1] was one of this gang. Another one of them was a man whose character embraces all we understand by the work desperate-reckless, unscrupulous, and blood-thirsty. He has been arrested a time or two by our police as a vagrant, and fined fifty dollars and sentenced to jail for sixty days. He was sometimes known by the name of John Williams, sometimes by that of John Smith. To escape the term of imprisonment he volunteered into Capt. May's company, but after being in camp a single day he deserted.

The police of the city were instructed to apprehend him, and on Thursday night officers Fleming and Hume found him on Gayoso street, and were about to take him into custody when he made a blow at officer Fleming, cutting him, but not seriously, on the nose; he ten drew a revolver, and shot at the officers three times without hitting them, and made good his escape. Strict search was made for him during the night and all yesterday. Lieut. Morrison, with several policemen, endeavored to find his hiding place in vain. Last evening officers O'Brien, Ryan, Brannan and Madden were detailed to watch a house of ill-fame on Winchester street, kept by Madame Miller. At 7 o'clock he was seen approaching, when Ryan endeavored to take him. He immediately drew a pistol and fired at him. The whole of the officers then approached him, when he fired three times more. One of the bullets struck Officer O'Brien in the right arm, breaking the small bone below the elbow, but doing no fatal injury. He then ran off, pursued by the other policemen, trying to escape by the alley. Brannan ran forward towards the jail, and there headed Williams; he met him as he was running, and by a well directed blow of his mace, knocked him down. He was then placed in jail, and will be brought before the Provost Marshal for examination. Williams being a soldier, and the wounded policeman being on the Provost Marshal's service, he will probably be dealt with by martial law.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1862. [2]

 

 

        29, "Mount Olivet Cemetery"

The Local of the Press [sic] visited this cemetery last Saturday evening, and for a time revelled [sic] in its melancholy beauty. "Though this is still one of the most beautiful; cities of the dead,' (he says,) the iron heel of war has left its imprint on its history. Many of its shade trees and much of the shrubbery have been wantonly destroyed, and several private vaults have been broken open, the door robbed of their silver mounting, and, in some cases, the tops of the coffins have been forced open. All good men, whether citizens or soldiers, should frown down such shameful lawlessness, and endeavor to bring the guilty party to punishment. The home of the dead should be the most sacred spot on earth, and every precaution used to prevent bad men from touching it with their polluted hands. The enclosure has been torn down, and cattle now roam over the graves at will, and the graveyard is not the sacred spot that it should be."

Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1864.

 

 

        29, "Jack McGavock Shot."

One of the most notorious thieves and desperate of negroes [sic] in this neighborhood, was shot by the guard about eight o'clock yesterday morning. Mr. William Patterson, the superintendent, had taken Jack, with others, from the workhouse to near the water works, when Jack broke away and ran some distance refusing to halt when called upon. A shot was fired after him, but still he pushed on, when Mr. Patterson, Jack being about eighty yards off, fired again, the ball entering the back and killing him instantly. P.B. Coleman, at the work house, when the jury returned a verdict in accordance with the above facts, adding "that the jury do further find that said Patterson was fully justified, by the law of the State of Tennessee in shooting said negro [sic]." The jury consisted of W. H. Fuller, W. D. Howe, Wm. T. Wright; Wm. Buchanan, N. W. Moore, Wm. B. Powell, W. F. Simpson.

Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1864.

 

 

        29, "The 'Forty Thieves.'"

This gang of juvenile thieves are still operating in our city. Yesterday several of them were engaged in selling oranges and lemons, with a basket on their arms. They resort to every petty species of merchandising to avert suspicion, and under the cover of their traffic, succeed in robbing their victims. We are informed that a portion of the gang left for Huntsville and Chattanooga yesterday morning to prosecute their labors in a more "congenial clime." Some five or six of them have been arrested here, and convicted. This may tend to disperse the band, as the police and citizens are on the alert for them. Their debut in Nashville has proved very unsuccessful, and there is no prospect of their keeping out of the clutches of our police if they remain. Under these circumstances we would suggest to "the boys" that they procure a pass from the Provost Marshal and return to Louisville. They may be sufficiently skilled in the art of picking pockets and stealing calico, for that city, but they are sadly deficient in the necessary requisites for their business in such a city as this. Stealing has been reduced to a science here, and the most proficient of the calling are "gobbled" daily. It is folly of the "forty thieves" or any other thieves to enter into competition with the experts of this place, Dick Turpin and Sixteen String Jack[3], if they were living, would starve to death in less than a week in this city, if they were not assassinated before the got fairly under way.

Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1865.

 

 

 

 



[1] Not found.

[2] As cited in PQCW.

[3] Dick Turpin and John Rann, also known as Sixteen String Jack, were highwaymen during the 1700s. Dick Turpin plied his trade in England and was hanged in 1739. Sixteen String Jack, so named for the eight strings with tassels at each knee of his breeches, terrorized Scotland until his hanging in 1774. Thanks to Kassandra Hassler, TSL&A Reference Department.


James B. Jones, Jr.

Public Historian

Tennessee Historical Commission

2941 Lebanon Road

Nashville, TN  37214

(615)-532-1550  x115

(615)-532-1549  FAX

 

Friday, March 28, 2014

3.28.2014 Tennessee Civil War Notes

        28, Editorial exhorting reluctant young West Tennessee men to enlist in the Confederate Army[1]

Young Men! You who remain at home, while your more patriotic and chivalrous companions are fighting for their homes and liberties-attend to the following paragraph and take warning:

We wish our stay-at-home young men, and would-be-neutral, if there are any to know that the Federal commanders took all young men they could finding Benton and Washington counties, put arms in their hands, and them placed them in the front ranks and told them they must fight. they [sic] were compelled to take the oath, and informed that if they flinched they would be shot.

Between the two armies the poor fellow are almost sure of death.

Young Man! You have but one life before you! Each day is lost kin [sic] the irrevocable past! [sic] What do you? [sic] Let not a dull regret of a wasted opportunity press you down the balance of your days, with a sense of inferiority! Bitterly may you pray some day to recall the past. It is the only prayer the Almighty refuses inexorably, to answer. [sic]

Will you sit hereafter humbly by and hear it told by others how they rushed to our country's aid in time of peril, and kept her free? Or shall your children in after time, flush with pride and glow with honest patriotism to hear the rustling of the flag under which their father fought, and mayhap bled, to make them proudly free?

Jackson West Tennessee Whig, March 28, 1862.

 

 

        28, A Negro teamster escapes execution during the battle of Stones River, an excerpt from the letter of Amandus Silsby to his parents

March 28

Camp near Murfreesboro, Mar. 28

My dear father and mother [sic]:

….Gen. "Rosy" has not organized any negro regiments, I do not know whether the rebels killed all the negroes [sic] teamsters they were enabled to carry off with them. I saw them shoot two of them. I saw one of the poor fellows make his escape but Sambo [sic] thought a moment before his time was up. Seeing them coming, he tried to escape, but two of the rebels riding up, commanded him to stop! He stood trembling, while one of them asked him what he was doing there with the Federals. "I-I-I- was only go'an 'long wid de a'mee" "Well come along with us, we'll soon teach you what it is to be caught among the Yankees." Shortly after they were obliged to leave Sambo [sic], and Skedaddled [sic] from our cavalry, much to the joy of the negro [sic], who jumping up and down shouted "Go it Bully! Give 'em H__ll!" [sic] I was glad to get away took for it went very much against the grain to hear their boasting talk, which riled my temper considerably….

Silsby Correspondence, March 28, 1863.

 

 

 

        28, Distribution of Lincoln's amnesty proclamation to Confederates in Tennessee

HDQRS. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, Nashville, Tenn., March 28, 1864.

Maj.-Gen. MCPHERSON, Cmdg. Department of the Tennessee:

GEN.: Obeying instructions from the Secretary of War, dated War Department, Adjutant-Gen.'s Office, Washington, February 14, 1864, I have the honor to inform you that a number of copies of the President's amnesty proclamation, dated December 8, 1863, in small pamphlet form, together with copies of General Orders, No. 64, dated War Department, Adjutant-Gen.'s Office, Washington, February 18, 1864, giving instructions as to the disposition to be made of refugees and rebel deserters coming within our lines, have been ordered to be forwarded to you for distribution, as far as possible, among the rebel armies and inhabitants in your front. The Secretary of War directs that upon receiving the proclamation and order, every effort practicable be made for such distribution by cavalry expeditions, scouts, and other means; and that it be distributed throughout the rebel country in such numbers that it cannot be suppressed.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 178.

 

 

        28, "CLEANLINESS." Public health Orders in Nashville

Capt. Wm. D. Chamberlain, the Chief of the Military Police of this post, has issued a very important order-one which interest every citizen, and which we hope every person will aid the Chief in carrying out. The following is the order we allude to. Read it carefully, and file it away:

Office, Chief of Police

Nashville, Tenn., March 28, 1864

In accordance with Special Order No. 76, dated March 22, it is hereby ordered:

I. That occupants of Stores, Restaurants, and Dwelling Houses, will be required to clean their yards and cellars, and have the offal removed, within forth-eight hours from the date of this order. No garbage or dirt of any kind will be allowed to accumulate on any premises within the city limits.

II. All dirt to be removed in barrels and boxes from the back yards and alleys by the persons occupying the same. No rubbish will be allowed to remain more than twenty-four hours without being removed.

III. Offal, the accumulation of Restaurants, must be removed by the occupants each day (Sundays excepted) before 10 A. M. All ashes and rubbish will be set in barrels on the sidewalk before 10 A. M. each day.

IV. Hereafter occupants of Stores and Houses will be required to have the rear of their premises clean, and the side-walk swept before 9 A. M. each day.

V. Any violation of the above Order will be punished by a fine of Five Dollars ($5,) to be collected by the Provost Marshal.

VI. As cleanliness is one of the first requisites to health, it is hoped the citizens will do all in their power to assist in removing one of the first causes of disease. As soon as a sufficient number of carts can be procured, notice will be given, and the dirt and rubbish removed without cost to citizens.

VII. As it is my intention to remove all filth from the city proper, whether in the shape of dirt, rubbish, or dead animals, all information that would facilitate the above will be thankfully received and immediate action taken in the premises.

Wm. D. Chamberlain, Capt. and Chief of City Police

Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1864.[2]

 



[1] This document indicates that some young West Tennesseans had no sympathy for the Confederacy and so refused to enlist. This contradicts the popularly held notion that all of Tennessee's young men flocked to the banner of the Confederacy without question and with great enthusiasm.

[2] See also Nashville Dispatch, April 10, 1864, and Nashville Union, March 29, 1864.


James B. Jones, Jr.

Public Historian

Tennessee Historical Commission

2941 Lebanon Road

Nashville, TN  37214

(615)-532-1550  x115

(615)-532-1549  FAX