Tuesday, March 1, 2016

NOTES FROM CIVIL WAR TENNESSEE, MARCH 1, 1861-1865

NOTES FROM CIVIL WAR TENNESSEE,

MARCH 1, 1861-1865

 

 

1861

 

1, Punishment for selling pornography in Memphis

Served Right.—John O'Neil, the masculine article who was taken on Wednesday for selling vile books and filthy pictures at the wharf, as we stated yesterday, has been sent by the recorder to the chain gang for twenty-three days.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 1, 1861

 

1862

 

1, Engagement at Pittsburg Landing[1]

MARCH 1, 1862.-Engagement at Pittsburg, Tenn.

No. 1.-Report of Brig. Gen. George W. Cullum, U. S. Army.

No. 2.-Congratulatory order of Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, C. S. Army.

No. 1.

Report of Brig. Gen. George W. Cullum, U. S. Army.

CAIRO, ILL., March 3, 1862.

Am quite sick, but at office. Made demonstration yesterday afternoon. Too foggy to see much. Will try it again to-morrow in force. Saturday gunboats Tyler and Lexington attacked rebel battery of six guns, supported by two regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, at Pittsburg River. Under cover of the grape and shell of gunboats, some sailors, and two companies of Illinois sharpshooters landed and destroyed house where battery had been placed. The enemy being re-enforced, our men returned to gunboats. Loss, 2 killed, 3 missing, and 6 wounded. Enemy's much greater.

G. W. CULLUM, Brig.-Gen.

No. 2.

Congratulatory order of Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, C. S. Army.

GEN. ORDERS, No. 7. HDQRS. FIRST DIV. C. S. TROOPS, SECOND GRAND DIV. ARMY MISS. VALLEY, Corinth, Miss., March 8, 1862.

* * * *

II. The brigadier-general commanding the First Corps of the Second Grand Division of the Army of the Mississippi Valley has been requested by Gen. G. T. Beauregard, commanding the forces, to express to Col. [A.] Mouton, and his Eighteenth Regt. [sic] Louisiana Volunteers, his "thanks for their brilliant success on their first encounter with the enemy at Pittsburg, Tenn., on the 28th ultimo, and the hope that it is only the forerunner of still more gallant deeds on the part of the regiment." To this testimonial the brigadier-general commanding adds his grateful acknowledgments to Col. Mouton and his regiment for zeal and gallantry in the performance of a signal service.

* * * *

By command of Brig.-Gen. Ruggles:

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 7, p. 435.

 

The following account was printed in the Natchitoches Union, Natchitoches, LA, April 3, 1862, and was written by a war correspondent who witnessed the fight, who signed himself "NATIONAL REBEL:"

* * * *

On March 1 two of the enemy's gunboats were in sight; at about 1 o'clock p. m. our artillery (Miles') opened fire, but before our regiment could form a line of battle the artillery had ceased firing and was running shamefully.

As soon as our line was formed our Colonel marched us away from camp into a ravine; being too much exposed there we were moved to another one where we remained until the enemies landed. Then the fire commenced on both sides, but it was not long before the Federals took to their heels for their gunboats. Had it not been for a misunderstanding we would have taken most of them prisoners; we took only four prisoners and killed one on shore, but there were a great many of them killed in the boats.

It is stated that their loss is from seventy to eighty killed. Our loss is seven killed and nine wounded....

* * * *

The engagement lasted three hours, [added emphasis] during which time the shells fell thick and fast around us.

* * * *

The same night of the fight our regiment fell back two miles; our company was left in camps to guard the baggage. The next morning about 8 o'clock, the gunboats reappeared and commenced shelling again, but they did not venture to land-they kept on the Tennessee River. No one was hurt the second day. I assure you there was no fun in the fight, especially where they are throwing shells and you have no chance to shoot.

SOR, Ser. I, Vol. 1, pp. 524-525.

 

Another account, also published in the Natchitoches [LA] Union for March 27, 1862, was written in French. Translated it reads:

 

It is in consideration of these facts, and of numerous and high sympathies which result, that we doubly take pleasure to return to the skirmish which has taken place in Hardin County, Tennessee, between this regiment and two Yankee gunboats. The conduct of this Corps, which faced firing for the first time, has been from everywhere the subject of praises as flattering as were well merited.

Colonel [Alfred] Mouton appeared on the field of battle accompanied by a daring band which would have done honor to a veteran. All the reports of particulars, the unofficial letters, etc., that we have read, or of which the tenor has been communicated to us, agree in saying that during all the duration of the action Lieutenant-Colonel [Alfred] Roman remained in the midst of the fire, exposed to dangers and encouraging his soldiers. The emulation, however, appears to have electrified all the regiment, and officers and men fought with courageous energy and devotion; the officers, especially Major [Louis] Bush, with them [depict] the honor, glory, and perils of the field of battle.

The importance of the result acquired by consequence of this engagement, the bravery of the troops, [and] the intrepid coolness of the officers attracted the attention of General [Pierre Gustave T.] Beauregard and of it one communicates to us the substance of a letter of Lieutenant [Andrew P.] Watt to his father, in which this fact is confirmed. We learn also from a certain source that General Beauregard had written a letter of congratulations to Colonel Mouton by which he complimented warmly the officers and soldiers of the Eighteenth [Louisiana Infantry].

The attack of the gunboats, in attracting the attention of General Beauregard has revealed to him the importance of the point at which the Eighteenth was stationed and there were immediately sent reinforcements composed of the Fourth Louisiana and an Arkansas regiment to which has joined an excellent battery from Alabama, thus forming a brigade....

We are not able to resist the desire to mention here the fine conduct of Lieutenant [John T.] Lavery who, wounded in the leg at the beginning of the action and [unable to stand] without support, leaned against a tree and thus stationed did not cease to use his weapon during all the duration of the engagement.

The other numerous deeds of devotion, bravery or energy have marked this first skirmish of the Eighteenth. We end in [citing] two:

The first is that of a drummer named [Eugene] Rosas who, in the thick of the fight, climbed up on the trunk of a cut tree and from this improvised pedestal, from which he overlooked the troops and helped to spoil the aim of the enemy's balls, did not cease to beat the charge with an energy which electrified the soldiers

The other fact is mentioned in a particular letter. It is that of a servant belonging to one of the captains and who, seizing a rifle on the field of battle, fought like a true soldier at the side of his master, while the other servants, like the prey of a wild terror, cowardly went to hid....

SOR, Ser. I, Vol. 1, pp. 526-527.

 

Report of Lieutenant Gwin, commanding U. S. S. Tyler.

U. S. GUNBOAT TYLER, Savannah, Tenn., March 1, 1862.

SIR: Having learned that the rebels had occupied and were fortifying a place called Pittsburg, nine miles above, on the right bank of the river (the best point in the river for that purpose), I determined to attack them.

At 12 m. the Tyler, followed by the Lexington, Lieutenant Commanding Shirk, proceeded up the river. When within 1,200 yards of Pittsburg we were opened upon by the rebel batteries, consisting, as well as we could determine, of six or eight fieldpieces, some rifled.

Getting within 1,000 yards, the Tyler and Lexington opened a well-directed fire, and we had the satisfaction of silencing their batteries. We then proceeded abreast of the place and., under the cover of grape and canister, landed two armed boats from each vessel containing, besides their crews, a portion of Company C, Captain Thaddeus Phillips, and Company K, First Lieutenant John J. Rider, of the Thirty-second Regiment Illinois Volunteers (sharpshooters), Second Master Jason Goudy, commanding the boats of the Tyler, and Second Master Martin Dunn, commanding the boats of the Lexington. The landing was successfully accomplished, and this small force actually drove back the rebels and held them in check until they accomplished their difficult object, which was to discover their real strength and purpose, and to destroy a house in close proximity to the place where the batteries had been placed.

I found in addition to their artillery they had a force of not less than two regiments of infantry and a regiment of cavalry.

In conclusion, I have to state that the result was entirely satisfactory. Their batteries were silenced in a short time; the landing was effected; the house destroyed; and we discovered from their breastworks that they were preparing to fortify strongly this point.

Too much praise can not be given to Lieutenant Commanding Shirk for the efficient manner in which his vessel was handled.

My thanks are due to Captain Phillips, Lieutenant Rider, and their men for the gallant manner in which, in the face of the enemy, they charged up the hill, drove back, and held in check, the rebels until the boats' crews had effected the destruction of the house designated.

The officers and men of this vessel behaved with the greatest spirit and enthusiasm. Much praise is due to First Master Edward Shaw and Third Master James Martin for the efficient manner in which the batteries were worked.

I would particularly call your attention to the gallant conduct of Second Master Jason Goudy, in charge of the boats on shore, who succeeded in destroying the house under such heavy fire, and Gunner Herman Peters, in charge of the howitzer, who displayed the greatest coolness and courage, although exposed to the whole fire of the enemy, all but one of his men having been wounded.

My thanks are also due to Pilots Hiner and Sebastian for their coolness under such a tremendous fire of musketry, our vessel being perfectly riddled with balls.

My aid, Acting Paymaster William B. Coleman, rendered me valuable assistance during the action.

I have sent Lieutenant Commanding Shirk to Cairo with the transport Izetta, loaded with the balance of the wheat I left at Clifton. I shall remain about here, paying Pittsburg a daily visit, which I hope will prevent the rebels from accomplishing their object. Captain Shirk will lay before you the importance of keeping open this, as well as all other points above here.

I have learned from reliable authority that the rebels have some 4,000 troops in Florence, five or six thousand in and about Eastport and I. U. Ka. [Iuka] (near Bear Creek Bridge), and that they are fortifying in that vicinity. You will see, therefore, the necessity of my remaining here.

We expended 95 shell, 30 stand of grape, 10 of canister, and 67 rounds of shrapnel, grape, etc., from howitzer.

Enclosed is Acting Assistant Surgeon T. H. Kearney's report of casualties, to whom I am indebted for his unremitting attention to the wounded.

I feel confident that we inflicted a severe loss on the enemy, as several bodies were seen on the ground and many seen to fall.

I also enclose Lieutenant Commanding Shirk's report.

Hoping that my course will meet your approbation, I have the honor to be,

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

WM. GWIN,Lieut., Comdg. Division of Gunboats, Tennessee River.

Flag-Officer A. H. FOOTE, U. S. Navy,Commanding Naval Forces on Western Waters.

Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. pp. 643-645.

 

Chicago Post Narrative

Cairo, Monday, March 3 [1862]

The discovery of a new rebel battery on the Tennessee River, mentioned by telegraph, was made in this wise. Hearing that the rebels were planting a new battery somewhere near Savannah, the wooden gunboats Tyler and Lexington were ordered to make a reconnaissance up the river and shell them out. The boats left Fort Henry Friday morning, and proceeded slowly, examining the shores carefully as they went along. They were accompanied by the transport Izetta, with two companies of the Thirty-second Illinois regiment. They passed Savannah about ten o'clock Saturday morning, having as yet discovered no signs of the expected battery. But now the transport was ordered to keep well in the river, as at any moment a shell or round shot might announce the unpleasant proximity of the object they were in quest of.

Eight miles above Savannah we came to a little town called Pittsburgh, a miserable-looking little hamlet, as they nearly all are in this region. There is an island here in the river, called Diamond Island, and just as we came out of the channel at its head, bang! [sic] went a rebel cannon, and a twenty-four pound shot came plunging toward us from the rebel battery situated less than half a mile in our advance. It was followed by two other shots from smaller guns, before our big guns responded. We steamed right on toward them, and opened at about six hundred yards, with shell. Their battery consisted of one twenty-four-pounder rifled gun and three twelve-pound howitzers. The twenty-four-pounder fired only six shots, when it was silenced, either by our fire or from some other cause. The three smaller guns blazed away for about twenty minutes, when they also ceased firing, not a single one of their shots from the beginning having touched either of our boats. Our gunboats kept up their fire for half an hour [added emphasis] longer, shelling the woods in all directions.

When the firing commenced, a small body of rebel infantry was also discovered, who undertook to put in practice the plan which some Memphis newspaper editors proposed, namely, to conceal themselves on the bank and pick off the pilots of our gunboats. They soon found they might as well attempt to swallow an oyster without opening the shell. A few discharges of grape sent them helter-skelter over the brow of the hill.

After the woods had been shelled pretty thoroughly, and nothing more been seen or heard of the enemy, about forty soldiers and marines, under command of a lieutenant, were sent ashore to reconnoiter the neighborhood. They proceeded up the long slope of the hill to the distance of a thousand yards or more from the landing, when they suddenly found themselves face to face with two or three regiments of rebel infantry, who immediately shot at them. Our men returned the compliment, and immediately retired to the shelter of a log house, some five hundred yards from the shore, where they made a stand, and peppered away at the rebels as vigorously as if they expected to drive the rebel ten or fifteen hundred.

The gunboats hesitated to reopened on the rebels, lest they should kill some of our own men, but waited in the momentary expectation that they would return to the boats. They did not do so, however, until the lieutenant commanding, (whose name I cannot learn) discovered that the rebels were flanking him on both sides, for the purpose of making prisoners of this little command. He then ordered a retreat, and the gallant forty made the best time they could to the boats, when they reached, with the loss of three men killed and seven or eight wounded. The rebels pursued hotly, and getting behind trees, fired both at our men in the boats and at the gunboats, perforating the latter with a good many musket-balls, but injuring no one except the officer in command of the boat-howitzer on the upper-deck, one of whose legs was shattered by a Minie-ball, rendering amputation necessary.

The gunboats reopened their batteries with grape, which caused the rebels to retreat with most undignified rapidity over the hill again. Seeing and hearing no more of them, the gunboats moved down the stream a short distance, and lay at anchor. Having none but fifteen-second fuse shells, the gunboats were unable to do the execution at short range which they could have done with shorter fire. Accordingly the Lexington was despatched to Cairo for a supply of the desired ammunition, while the Tyler remained to look after the new rebel battery. The place where it was found is a sort of natural fortification, the hill furnishing a hollow just over the first ridge, in which the rebel infantry took shelter from our fire. In this particular it resembles Fort Donelson

Rebellion Record, Vol. 4, pp. 221-222.

 

The Fight on the Tennessee River.

A member of the 18th Louisiana regiment furnishes to the New Orleans Picayune the following narrative of the fight in which the corps engaged with the enemy's black gunboats:

Pittsburg consists of three log houses and a pig sty, and is situated on both sides of the road which runs down between two very high hills to the river, making the only landing on this side of the river for several miles up or down. Hence No. 1 is (or was) on the bluff close to the edge; No. 2 about one hundred yards back on the road—both on the left side—and No. 3 on the edge of the bluff about two hundred yards to the right of the road.

At 12 o'clock, on the 1st, the Miles artillery arrived and had got two of their pieces into position, when the smoke of two gunboats coming up was discovered. The artillery commenced firing at long range.

Our line of battle was formed at our camp, almost four hundred yards from the river. We were marched across the road and took position in a valley, the shot and shell raining over our heads, and cutting the tree tops all around us. Just as we got to the road the rear of the line was halted to allow the Miles artillery to pass in full retreat. Our regiment was nothing daunted, however, and looking round at my boys, I could not see a lip quiver or a cheek blanch. We were marched under the iron rain to our position in the ravine, and waited there for nearly two hours, watching the falling tree tops and getting used to the music of the shells.

Our colonel thinking we were too much exposed, ordered us over the hill into the next ravine, and here our first man was wounded—Lieut. Watt—who was struck with an iron ring of a grape stand, which had glanced from a tree, bruising his leg very severely, but did not prevent him from following up the fight.

The enemy had not landed, finding that our artillery was silenced, and had taken possession of houses one and two, the first of which they set fire to. Our colonel gave the order, "Forward, charge," and with a whoop and a yell forward we went.

We had to cross three hills before we came in sight of the enemy, and when I rose the bare bluff there lay the two black rascals, blazing away at us, their launches crammed with men, evidently hesitating what to do. We gave them but little time to make up their minds, for, as we stood on the top of the hill over which the shot and shell flew thick and fast, we poured a terrible fire of musketry into their launches and through their port holes, until they bundled on board their gunboats again, leaving three dead and four prisoners on shore, and sullenly retired, their fire slackening considerably. As we rose the brow of the bluff, Corporal Huggins C. Ensign, of the Orleans cadets, fell, torn and mutilated by a shell, his left arm broken, and left side torn out. We must have been over half an hour [added emphasis] on that naked hill, cheering and firing, the grape tearing up the ground, the shells humming, and the musket balls whistling around. Lieutenant Lavery, who was wounded early in the fight by a ball passing through his thigh, could not be induced to leave the field, and having borrowed a Maynard rifle, he leaned against a sapling, and blazed away as hard as he could. The consequence of which, however, is that his wound is very much inflamed.

The fight, take it for all in all, was a brilliant little affair. With our muskets alone we drove off two gunboats, each carrying four sixty-four's and two thirty-two's, and a twelve-pound howitzer. I cannot imagine what made them leave so soon unless that we had killed and wounded a large number in their launches and on the boats. We heard this morning that they buried sixty or seventy on the other side of the river, and think it very probable, as during the time we were peppering them the average distance of our men from the boats could not have been over seventy-five yards. They were under the bank, and we poured it right down on them. We on the right never saw a Yankee on shore, as when our left advanced to the charge they retreated precipitately to their boats, and as they passed through the hills down to the river it was only our extreme left that had a chance at them, but when we got them out on the river every one had a fair pop, and I could see the bullets falling round the launches like big rain drops.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 19, 1862.

 

Excerpt from a report by Lieutenant William Gwin to Flag Officer Andrew H. Foote

U. S. GUNBOAT TYLER, Cairo, Ill., March 5, 1862.

Flag-Officer ANDREW H. FOOTE, U. S. N., Cmdg. Naval Forces on Western Waters:

SIR: I have returned from up the Tennessee, having left Pittsburg (the place of our late engagement) last night. The enemy has not renewed his attempt to fortify. I watched the point closely, and yesterday landed (under flag of truce), which was allowed to go a mile from the river before being stopped by their pickets. No sign of a renewed attempt could be discovered. In my report of the engagement I stated that I felt confident the enemy had suffered severely. I can now report that on the morning after the engagement (Sunday) 9 dead bodies and 100 wounded, many of them mortally, were counted in their camp, which had been removed the evening of the engagement 3 miles back from the river. Some tents where they were carrying badly-wounded men they would not allow any one [sic]to visit; they were still bringing in wounded. There is no doubt of the correctness of the above. It was reported that they buried 15 the evening of the engagement. I think I can safely put their loss down at 20 killed and 100 wounded.

Their force engaged on that day was 1,000 infantry (Louisiana), 500 cavalry (Mississippi) besides a battery of six pieces of field artillery. Two guns (32-pounders) were on the ground, but not mounted….

*  *  *  *

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 10, pt. II, p. 8.

          1, An anxious call by Governor Isham G. Harris for the State militia to repel the Federal army from Tennessee

The entire militia force of the State is called to the field to repel invasion. One fourth will march immediately.

1. You will therefore order one fourth of the entire militia of your brigade to move immediately to the rendezvous therefore discussed. To effect this you will through the officers of you command set apart one fourth of said Militia, and caused the commandants of companies to move the details to the rendezvous without delay.

2. Transportation and subsistence will be furnished by the proper departments.

3. These details after their arrival at rendezvous be consolidated and organized into companies and regiments.

4. The captains of Companies are appointed agents to collect guns within the limits of their commands and clothed with all the power conferred by the act of the General Assembly passed November 28, 1861, the guns must be collected with the utmost promptness and the law enforced to its fullest extent. Every available weapon must be obtained.

5. Three fourths of the militia remaining you will cause to be regularly drilled and be subject to orders to rendezvous.

6. You will encourage to the fullest extent the enlistment of volunteers for the war to be received singly or in squads to fill up companies already in service or to be received in companies or regiments.

Memphis Appeal, March 4, 1862.[2]

          1, Resistance to Confederate military service in the Cleveland environs-one young woman's opinion

....I hear a drum beating for the noble young men of our state to defend us. I am sorry to say that there are some few who will have to be dragged out in the militia (if not drafted) before they will deprive themselves of their pleasant homes to meet the invader....

Diary of Myra Adelaide Inman.

          1, Sergeant Woolbaugh of the Third Ohio Volunteer Regiment and Mrs. Harris of La Vergne; North meets South: an entry from the diary of John Beatty

Our brigade, in command of General Dumont, started for Lavergne [sic], a village eleven miles out on the Murfreesboro road [from Nashville], to look after a regiment of cavalry said to be in occupation of the place. Arrived there a little before sunset, but found the enemy had disappeared.

A little after nightfall the compliments of a Mrs. Harris were presented to me, with request that I would be kind enough to call. The handsome little white cottage where she lived was near our bivouac. It was the best house in the village; and, as I ascertained afterward, very tasteful if not elegantly furnished. She was a woman of perhaps forty. Her husband and daughter were absent; the former, I think, in the Confederate service. She had only a servant with her, and was considerably frightened and greatly incenses at the conduct of some soldier, of she knew now what regiment, he had persisted in coming to her house and treating rudely. In short, she desired protection. She had a lively tongue in her head, and her request for a guard was, I thought, not preferred in the gentlest and most amiable way. Her comments on our Northern soldier were certainly not complimentary to them. She said she had supposed hitherto that soldiers were gentlemen. I confessed that they ought to at least. She said, rather emphatically, that Southern soldiers were [sic] gentlemen. I replied that I did not doubt at all the correctness of her statement; but, unfortunately, the branch of the Northern army to which I had the honor to belong had not been able to get near enough to them to obtain any personal knowledge on the subject.

The upshot of the five minutes' interview was a promise to send a soldier to protect Mrs. Harris' property and person during the night.

Returning to the regiment I sent for Sergeant Woolbaugh. He is one of the handsomest men in the regiment; a printer by trade, and excellent conversationalist, a man of extensive reading, and of through information respecting current affairs. I said; "Sergeant, I desire you to brighten up your musket, and clothes if need be, go over to the little white cottage on the right and stand guard." "All right, sir."

As he was leaving I called to him: "If the lady of the house shows any inclination to talk with you, encourage and gratify her to the top of her bent. I want her to know what sort of men our Northern soldiers are."

The Sergeant in due time introduced himself to Mrs. Harris, and was invited into the sitting room. They soon engaged in conversation, and finally fell into a discussion of the issue between the North and South which lasted until after midnight. The lady, although treated with all courtesy, certainly obtained no advantage in the controversy, and must have arisen from it with her ideas respecting Northern soldiers very materially changed.

John Beatty, Citizen Soldier.[3]

          1, Confederate troop movements in West Tennessee; an entry from the diary of Captain Alfred Tyler Fielder, 12th Tennessee Infantry

Saturday March 1st found me abord [sic] the Cars in good health but quite sleepy having been up so much of late[.] Consequently I saw but little until we passed Trenton about sunrise arrived at Humbolt [sic] about 8 oclk [sic] Cars stoped [sic] about half an hour we not knowing the place of destination thought it might be Humbolt [sic] but no the whistle sounded and off we moved arriving at Jackson between 10 & 11 oclk [sic] and soon learned we would stop here for awhile[.] We sauntered about until near sun set waiting for orders to unload[.] finally [sic] we received the orders and at it we went and after nearly wearing myself out we succeeded in getting a tent up and our things in it[,] eat something and lay down to rest about 10 oclk [sic]. The three boys sent with me being on the sick list &c.…I had more to do than any man ought to do in the time it was done-for the last two or three days my mind has much run out in prayer for myself and family and my country and after laying down though fatigued and wearied my mind were much upon home my family and all my earthly possessions being between me and Lincolns [sic] army[.] I pray God it may not long be the case, but that the time may be near at hand when the soil of Tennessee shall not be poluted [sic] by the tread of an enemy of the Southern cause.

Ann York Franklin, ed., The Civil War Diaries of Capt. Alfred Tyler Fielder, 12th Tennessee Regiment Infantry, Company B, 1861-1865.[4]

          1, Nashville and the Union occupation, two weeks after the fall of Fort Donelson

Federal Comments from Nashville.

The army correspondent of the St. Louis Republican, in his letter from Nashville on the 1st inst., says some things about Nashville and its people which are quite amusing. He says:

["] There is none of that manly tread, and eye-flashing defiance, the southern papers have told us to expect, and which Americans are eminently capable of showing, when their cause is just, and the iron heel of oppression is attempting to grind them. The remaining inhabitants of Nashville do not indulge in any of this, but go about gloomy and taciturn, moping from store to store, seldom looking strangers in the face, and giving that idea of smothered hate which makes the beholder determine to keep out of dark alleys after nightfall. It would need urgent pressing by a Nashvillite to have the honor of any Union officer's company at tea, for the Fed might imagine that strychnine looked like white sugar, and had occasionally been mistaken for it.

At first the people here took little pains to conceal their dislike, but are gradually becoming more tractable. They will sell poor articles for good money at a moderate price, and not fly into a passion if Confederate scrip is refused in exchange for treasury notes. Ladies, too, appear upon the streets, and, although endeavoring to seem gazing in an opposite direction, take side-long peeps at marching columns proceeded by fife and drum, and sometime deign to keep the nose moderately straight when saluted in gallant military style by a passing officer. This slight letting down, however, only occurs when the "Fed," is good looking, and a colonel or general. The time of majors and captains has not come. Occasionally a carriage or two rolls along, with a family group within, and ebony perched on the box seat holding reins and whip.

One or two stately dignitaries, have emerged from their hiding places also, and stand in the doors of princely residences, non-committal in speech or action.

I noticed at one house a group of children playing on the porch—among them a beautiful little southerner with dark eyes and a wealth of ringlets, who, as we passed, skipped to the front step, and, either accidentally or by design, exposed a small secession apron, the three bars and stars stamped upon it, while its owner placing one thumb against her nose, and her little finger against that of the other hand, went through that childish and graceful motion whose precise meaning has never yet been explained. Some say it expresses profound knowledge, others profound contempt. Her companions after staring a moment, to see if the strangers were genuine Yankees, went through a similar maneuver with skill that showed practice, and immediately disappeared, a pair of spectacled eyes having gazed patronizingly from a window during the whole performance.

"If Nashville ever becomes Union, it will be when Gabriel turns final trumpeter;" exclaimed my soldier friend, who had witnessed the nosical [sic] display with astonishment, and to whose bright buttons it was owing.

Just afterward we met a crowd of negroes on their way to the levee to view the troops and gunboats. Asking one where he was going, he said to see "dem Unioners." He had been in Fort Donelson, and was brought back by his master, who fled with Pillow. "I tell you what, sah," said he, "Massa Linkum shoot dam straight; knocked the head off parson Bigelow's nigger clean as if cut with a knife. Lor how de kannerstir spikes did fly. Massa said Linkum used a keg o' nails each load."; And down the street they went with regular plantation swagger, increasing in number at every corner.

The greatest blow to Nashville has been the destruction of its two fine bridges across the Cumberland. Of that I gave full particulars in my last. Gov. Harris' words when waited upon by the citizens and requested to refrain from such vandalism, were:; "Has Nashville come to this—hesitating to sacrifice two paltry pieces of timber for the cause?; Go back and tell those who sent you, that another word and their own roofs will be blazing above them."; As related to me by one of the committee, the outburst of the great bridge-burner was spiced with "tall oaths," conscientious Harris being no exception to the general rule a man goes by when mad. Although denouncing bitterly the conduct of their traitor ruler, the sufferers, with a prospect that it may be years before the structures will be replaced, still cling to a cause that is ruining them.["]

The last assertion is decidedly rich. If the correspondent of the Republican was told that story by any body in Nashville, he may set it down that he was sold at a cheap rate.

The army correspondent of the Cincinnati Enquirer, in his letter of the 27th ult., furnishes this "fancy sketch:"

["] Our regiment was the first on shore. It would have made tears start from a statue to have seen old and young press round the loved flag, and imprint warm kisses of devotion on its bright stars and broad stripes. The color bearer himself was not exempt from the homage, for in their enthusiasm the people raised him from the ground and bore him in their arms.["];

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 22, 1862.

          1, Conditions in Nashville during the Confederate withdrawal

Things in Nashville.- Mr. Chas. Matthews, from Nashville, called on us yesterday. On Thursday last he was impressed by the Confederate troops in that city, and employed in carrying meat to the Chattanooga railroad depot. The next day they tried to impress him again but he escaped across the river in a canoe to Edgefield, where he heard that Col. Kennett's cavalry, of Gen. Mitchell's division, were. He told there how things were going in Nashville, and on Saturday piloted them to the river bank where they seized three steamboats, the Hillman, the Runyon, and the Minnetonka, and went across to Nashville amid the loud cheers of the citizens. About thirteen hundred of the enemy's cavalry gave chase to them, and took ten prisoners. Mr. Matthews heard Gen. Floyd, before the great body of the rebels had left Nashville, say that they would go and make a stand at Chattanooga, and Mr. l M. believes they have done so. General Floyd said, within his hearing, to General Johns[t]on, that he thought it best to fall back to Chattanooga and defend the Cotton States, letting Kentucky and Tennessee take care of themselves.

There was good reason why the people of Nashville wished the presence of the Federal troops. The outrages perpetrated there by the rebels were fearful. Some of these outrages are unfit for publication, and hanging would be too good for the authors. Last Thursday four citizens were shot because they would open their shops for robbery and pillage. One lady was run through with a saber before the eyes of Mr. Matthews because she would not submit to shame. Seizure of the contents of jewelry stores, clothing stores, provision stores, and all other kinds of stores, and of dwelling houses, was general. Some buildings were burned. [added emphasis]

Our informant says that the 1st Kentucky regiment, the 1st Tennessee, and the 2d Alabama, stacked their arms in front of the State house, burned them up, and set out or intended setting out for their respective homes on Wednesday of last week.

Louisville Daily Journal, March 1, 1862. [5]

            1,"The best way to protect women is to slay the foe before he gets a foot-hold in our midst."

The Defense of Columbus.

Editors Appeal: In this morning's Avalanche are some strictures which, no doubt, the writer fancies very cutting, and for which I suppose I may come in for my share. I am neither, as he suggests, a woman crazed by the panic, nor man in petticoats. I am, as I stated in the article that came out in last Tuesday's APPEAL, the wife of a soldier in Columbus. There are many of my sex, in this city, who feel with me on this subject; nor do our children suffer from neglect because of our anxiety for our husbands, as this amiable writer would insinuate. The mothers of this land need no urging from this writer to make them perform their duties to their children. The very paper that publishes his strictures tell us the enemy is coming on Columbus with 100,000 men. Is there a woman with a loved one there whose heart does not stand still as she hears the rushing of the coming storm? And in times like these this man dare reproach us for the expression of our anguished solicitude. This man dare assert men able to be soldiers should stay at home to protect female relatives. Short-sighted vision! The best way to protect women is to slay the foe before he gets a foot-hold in our midst.

I am a woman; I mingle with my sex; I know their sentiments. I assert they think with me if Columbus falls as Fort Donelson fell for the want of men, woe be to the people of Memphis! If Columbus falls the blood of that devoted band will cry aloud from its hights [sic] and trenches; will cry to the men that throng our streets, whether they be Memphians or strangers. Are they not southerners? or is the city already in possession of the enemy?

I do not perceive that the crowd on our streets is perceptibly thinned. The pavements are yet darkened with the stream of the sterner sex. Darkened! Oh, my God! and the word brings to mind that black cloud now darkening over Columbus—Columbus! where so many loved ones are working and watching and waiting, with brave hearts and steady eye, for the coming conflict. Husbands, brothers, sons, lovers, are there. To us, the wives, the mothers, the sisters of that band of soldiers, standing guard at the threshold of our valley, sworn to lay down life in its defense; to us, it is a daily marvel that the men in our streets do not rush to Columbus and join that noble guard.

Why do they not? Did they not to a man vote to go out of the old Union? and will they now like slaves, like curs, stand still and be whipped back to the government they abjured? Forbid it, race of freemen; admit for an instant, there was no just cause for leaving the Northern States, admit 'twas whim, caprice, folly, anything you will, must freeborn men be whipped into good conduct? Has one section the heaven-given right to dictate terms to another? Oh! monstrous doctrine of insolence and absurdity. A doctrine doubly insolent, doubly absurd, coming as it does from a people who have always made the largest professions of freedom, always set up the hugest cry about liberty of any people on the face of the green earth. Free speech, free thought, free everything was their hobby, their watch-word, by which they imposed on the nations of the earth. They continually taunted the South with its non-possession—they eternally vaunted their own absolute inheritance of the God-like boon.

In early youth I was grossly deceived by these loud professions. I naturally adore Liberty. LIBERTY! The very word is grand and large; it expands through space. It sounds out a tocsin of joy and hope to the listening nations. In the freshness of youth my ear caught the thrilling sound; it seemed to come from the North—the North which called itself "the free North." I respected, I loved the North. I loved it for the worship it seemed to pay to the god of my idolatry. This worship has proved itself but a lip service. By her own acts the North has given the lie to all her professions of freedom. Future ages will stand aghast at the monstrous absurdity perpetrated by this people—at the fantastic contrast between her conduct and her teachings. For eighty hears they professed to believe in the right of a people to frame its own government. In the face of this, they gather up 700,000 Vandals to coerce ten millions of freemen under a government they hate. For the last quarter of a century they have been pouring out torrents of crocodile tears over the vassalage of the black race, a race born and bred in bondage, a race, not reduced to ignorance and degradation, not made inferior by its white masters, but created so by the Almighty for his own wise purposes; yet this consistent people—a people with the hypocrite's tears yet streaming from their Puritan eyes—send forth their hordes of hirelings to enslave thirteen sovereign States. [added emphasis] And while the echoes yet send back their cries for free speech, and free thought, every bastile within their limits is filled with the victims of their tyranny. Prisoners, for opinion's sake, groan in dungeons as deep and dark as the dungeons that disgraced the middle ages in the absolute monarchies of the old world. By her own acts the North has given the lie to all her professions of freedom. She has bound on her brow the infamous name of Hypocrite. The nations of the world look on her with scorn and contempt, the true lovers of liberty loathe her. She has cast aside the cloak of virtue, and stands hideous in her naked deformity

Of all monsters of wickedness, a hypocrite is least to be trusted, most to be feared. We are told her policy is "kind and conciliatory in the extreme." Who does not know the cat's paw is velvet until she is ready to devour her victim? Is there one so short-sighted as not to know, when once in her power, prostrate at her feet, she would set her armed heel on our necks and grind us to the dust? Who but the most foolish will put faith in her "kind and conciliatory policy?" If now, when we have her at bay with 300,000 men, she has the insolence to talk of annihilating one of our States, the insolence to arraign for treason one of our generals fallen in her power, the insolence to discuss the propriety of abolishing our institutions, what hight [sic], what depth of audacious insolence may we not expect from her should we suffer ourselves to fall conquered, to lie in fetters, helpless at her spurning feet? Is there an ignomy [sic], is there an outrage she would hesitate to inflict?

People of the South, think of this! Our country is our mother. Our noble mother—our beautiful South. [added emphasis] Who does not love her? Has she a son who would not lay down his life in her defense? The insolent foe, drunk with recent successes, triumphs over her griefs and flaunts his jeers in her tear-stained face. Her daughters week for her, her daughters pray for her, but her souls, tears and prayers are not for them. Up! sons of the South; avenge the mother you adore. Drive back the invader from her soil. Oh! my country! even your daughters would die to bring you peace, to bring you honor. [added emphasis]

The Wife of a Soldier.

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 1,1862.

          1, "There is none of that manly tread, and eye-flashing defiance, the southern papers have told us to expect…." Nashville after two weeks of US occupation.

Federal Comments from Nashville.

The army correspondent of the St. Louis Republican, in his letter from Nashville on the 1st inst., says some things about Nashville and its people which are quite amusing. He says:

["] There is none of that manly tread, and eye-flashing defiance, the southern papers have told us to expect, and which Americans are eminently capable of showing, when their cause is just, and the iron heel of oppression is attempting to grind them. The remaining inhabitants of Nashville do not indulge in any of this, but go about gloomy and taciturn, moping from store to store, seldom looking strangers in the face, and giving that idea of smothered hate which makes the beholder determine to keep out of dark alleys after nightfall. It would need urgent pressing by a Nashvillite to have the honor of any Union officer's company at tea, for the Fed might imagine that strychnine looked like white sugar, and had occasionally been mistaken for it.

At first the people here took little pains to conceal their dislike, but are gradually becoming more tractable. They will sell poor articles for good money at a moderate price, and not fly into a passion if Confederate scrip is refused in exchange for treasury notes. Ladies, too, appear upon the streets, and, although endeavoring to seem gazing in an opposite direction, take side-long peeps at marching columns proceeded by fife and drum, and sometime deign to keep the nose moderately straight when saluted in gallant military style by a passing officer. This slight letting down, however, only occurs when the "Fed," is good looking, and a colonel or general. [added emphasis] The time of majors and captains has not come. Occasionally a carriage or two rolls along, with a family group within, and ebony perched on the box seat holding reins and whip.

One or two stately dignitaries have emerged from their hiding places also, and stand in the doors of princely residences, non-committal in speech or action.

I noticed at one house a group of children playing on the porch—among them a beautiful little southerner with dark eyes and a wealth of ringlets, who, as we passed, skipped to the front step, and, either accidentally or by design, exposed a small secession apron, the three bars and stars stamped upon it, while its owner placing one thumb against her nose, and her little finger against that of the other hand, went through that childish and graceful motion whose precise meaning has never yet been explained. Some say it expresses profound knowledge, others profound contempt. Her companions after staring a moment, to see if the strangers were genuine Yankees, went through a similar maneuver with skill that showed practice, and immediately disappeared, a pair of spectacled eyes having gazed patronizingly from a window during the whole performance.

"If Nashville ever becomes Union, it will be when Gabriel turns final trumpeter;" exclaimed my soldier friend, who had witnessed the nosical [?] display with astonishment, and to whose bright buttons it was owing.

Just afterward we met a crowd of negroes on their way to the levee to view the troops and gunboats. Asking one where he was going, he said to see "dem Unioners." He had been in Fort Donelson, and was brought back by his master, who fled with Pillow. "I tell you what, sah," said he, "Massa Linkum shoot dam straight; knocked the head off parson Bigelow's nigger clean as if cut with a knife. Lor how de kannerstir spikes did fly. Massa said Linkum used a keg o' nails each load." And down the street they went with regular plantation swagger, increasing in number at every corner. [added emphasis]

The greatest blow to Nashville has been the destruction of its two fine bridges across the Cumberland. Of that I gave full particulars in my last. Gov. Harris' words when waited upon by the citizens and requested to refrain from such vandalism, were: "Has Nashville come to this—hesitating to sacrifice two paltry pieces of timber for the cause? Go back and tell those who sent you, that another word and their own roofs will be blazing above them." As related to me by one of the committee, the outburst of the great bridge-burner was spiced with "tall oaths," conscientious Harris being no exception to the general rule a man goes by when mad. Although denouncing bitterly the conduct of their traitor ruler, the sufferers, with a prospect that it may be years before the structures will be replaced, still cling to a cause that is ruining them.["] [added emphasis]

The last assertion is decidedly rich. If the correspondent of the Republican was told that story by any body in Nashville, he may set it down that he was sold at a cheap rate.

The army correspondent of the Cincinnati Enquirer, in his letter of the 27th ult., furnishes this "fancy sketch:"

["] Our regiment was the first on shore. It would have made tears start from a statue to have seen old and young press round the loved flag, and imprint warm kisses of devotion on its bright stars and broad stripes. The color bearer himself was not exempt from the homage, for in their enthusiasm the people raised him from the ground and bore him in their arms.["]

Memphis Daily Appeal, March 22, 1862.

 

 

 

1863

 

March 1, 1863, Forage expedition and skirmish[6] at Bradyville

MARCH 1, 1863.-Skirmish at Bradyville, Tenn.

REPORTS.

No. 1.-Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, U. S. Army.

No. 2.-Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, Chief of Cavalry, Department of the Cumberland.

No. 3.-Col. James W. Paramore, Third Ohio Cavalry, commanding Second Cavalry Brigade.

No. 4.-Capt. William M. Flanagan, Third Ohio Cavalry.

No. 5.-Col. Eli Long, Fourth Ohio Cavalry.

No. 6.-Col. John F. Miller, Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.

No. 1.

Report of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, U. S. Army.

MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., March 2, 1863--2 p. m.

Gen. Stanley reports from his expedition to Bradyville: We fared badly for forage. The rebels of Morgan's and Wharton's commands made a stand in Bradyville. Col.'s Paramore and Long went in with sabers drawn, and whipped them in about three minutes. Stokes' cavalry advanced bravely with carbines. We took 70 prisoners, including 8 officers, their camp equipage, tents, saddles, and some 70 horses, and Basil [W.] Duke's regimental papers. Maj. [James] Murphy did good service. We lost 1 man killed and 1 captain and 7 men wounded. We found 4 of their dead.

W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.

No. 2.

Report of Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, U. S. Army, Chief of Cavalry, Department of the Cumberland.

HDQRS. CAVALRY, DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Near Murfreesborough, March 5, 1863.

GEN.: On Sunday, the 1st of March, I conducted a foraging train of 400 wagons on the Bradyville pike as far as the village of Bradyville. The escort consisted of a part of the three brigades of cavalry at this place and one brigade (Miller's) of infantry. The advance was composed of the First Middle Tennessee Cavalry and the Third and Fourth Ohio Cavalry. I directed the advance myself, placing the infantry in the center, the Fourth U. S. Cavalry on the exposed flank of the train, and Col. Minty's command as rear guard. Two miles from the village we drove the enemy's pickets in, and, pressing upon them, soon found them disposed to make a stout resistance. The Tennessee regiment soon became engaged, and were on the point of falling back, when the two Ohio regiments coming up, immediately charged the enemy in front and flank, routing him, and sending his men and horses flying in all directions over the rugged hills.

The result of the affair was the killing of 4 of the enemy-as nearly as I could ascertain, not less than 20 were wounded-and the taking of 83 prisoners. We captured two wagon-loads of saddles of a rough pattern (all new), one wagon-load of picket rope, some bacon, corn, and meal, and in all 70 horses and mules. The animals were poor.

The inclosed reports of Col.'s Paramore and Long will give you the particulars; also the lists of killed and wounded. See also the report of Capt. Flanagan. Maj. Murphy, First Middle Tennessee, is absent; his report has not been received. He behaved very gallantly, and had a bullet cut the hair of his head. Capt. [R. P.] Rifenberrick, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, is highly commended for his bravery. I am sorry to say this valuable officer received a painful and, it is feared, dangerous wound. All these officers, and, indeed, others not mentioned, who engaged in the fight, are commended to the commanding general. These little affairs, though not important in results, often show the character of officers and troops more than great battles.

The promptness with which Col.'s Paramore and Long drew pistols and sabers and rushed upon an enemy sheltered behind houses, trees, and rocks, an enemy outnumbering the troops on our side engaged, or which the enemy could see, illustrates more strongly than any remarks I can add to their soldierly qualities.

The report of Maj. Murphy and the list (4) of wounded in the First Middle Tennessee Regt. [sic] will be sent when received.

Your obedient servant,

D. S. STANLEY, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Cavalry.

P. S.-The enemy's force was part of the brigades of Morgan and Wharton. The regimental papers, as well as their possessor, the adjutant of Duke's rebel regiment, were captured.

No. 3.

Report of Col. James W. Paramore, Third Ohio Cavalry, commanding Second Cavalry Brigade.

CAMP STANLEY, NEAR MURFREESBOROUGH, March 3, 1863.

SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the engagement at Bradyville, Tenn., on the 1st instant, between the cavalry under my command, consisting of a portion of the First [Middle] Tennessee, and a detachment of the Second Brigade, consisting of about 100 men from the Third Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, under command of Capt. W. M. Flanagan, and 150 men of the Fourth Ohio, under command of Col. Eli Long, and the rebel force at that place, consisting of Col. Duke's Second Kentucky Cavalry, commanded by Lieut.-Col. [James W.] Bowles, and the Fourteenth Alabama [Battalion], belonging to Wharton's brigade, and commanded by Maj. [James C.] Malone, jr.: About 2 miles this side of Bradyville, the First [Middle] Tennessee, under command of Maj. Murphy, being in advance, encountered the rebel pickets and drove them in. When near the village, they found the enemy strongly posted behind the houses in the village and a high piece of ground. After a short skirmish, they [the First Middle Tennessee] were driven back in some confusion. I then brought up the Third and Fourth Ohio, and formed them in line, the Fourth occupying the right and the Third the left. I also went a squadron of the Fourth Ohio, under command of Maj. [P.] Mathews, around to the extreme left of the rebel line, and a portion of the Third around to their right. I then stationed the First [Middle] Tennessee as a reserve, and advanced the remainder of the Third and Fourth Ohio to engage the enemy in front, when we found them strongly posted in a piece of woods, about one-fourth of a mile beyond the village, where they were dismounted and sheltered behind rocks and trees, and gave us stubborn resistance for about fifteen or twenty minutes, when the detachments I had sent around to their right and left flanks arrived in position and opened an enfilading fire on both flanks. The enemy gave way in confusion, when a charge was ordered with sabers and pistols. We pursued them for about 3 miles, during which we took about 100 prisoners, with their horses, arms, and equipments; wounded from 20 to 30, and found 5 dead bodies on the field; also a large quantity of commissary and quartermaster's stores fell into our hands. Their rout was complete, and they fled in great consternation, throwing away their guns, overcoats, blankets, and everything that would impede their progress.

Among the prisoners were 8 commissioned officers, including the adjutant of the Second Kentucky Cavalry, with all his books, papers, reports, &c., of the regiment. The enemy's force has been variously estimated at from 600 to 1,000, while our force, actually engaged, did not exceed 250, and, considering the disparity of numbers and the advantage of the rebel forces In position, I think It may be considered one of the most daring and brilliant feats of the war.

When all, both officers and men, behaved with such determined bravery, it would be almost an act of injustice to mention any names in particular...

Officers of the Third Ohio: Capts. William M. Flanagan, commanding regiment; H. C. Miner, commanding First Battalion; J. B. Luckey, commanding Squadrons I and K, Third Battalion; Lieut.s. E. A. Haines, commanding Company H; Norman Brewster, commanding Company L; [J. W.] Likens, commanding Company K; F. Brainard, commanding Company I; and J. R. Hall, commanding Company K.

....We bivouacked for the night about 1 mile beyond the village. Nothing occurred during the night worthy of record.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

J. W. PARAMORE, Col., Cmdg. Second Cavalry Brigade.

No. 4.

Report of Capt. William M. Flanagan, Third Ohio Cavalry.

HDQRS. THIRD OHIO CAVALRY, March 3, 1863.

SIR: I have the honor to report the part sustained by the Third Ohio Cavalry in the recent skirmish of March 1, at Bradyville.

Pursuant to orders from brigade headquarters, the Third Cavalry marched at daylight on the 1st instant. On arriving at the Bradyville pike, which lies but a short distance from our camp, I was ordered by the colonel commanding to place my command in the rear of the Second Brigade. I marched in this order until near the village of Bradyville, and in sight of the enemy, who were in large force and strongly posted in the woods, on advantageous ground, on the south side of town. On forming a line of battle, the colonel commanding the brigade, with promptness and energy, ordered me with my command to take the left of the line. I objected somewhat as to the possibility of forming at that juncture at the left, as it would throw my command upon an impracticable, steep, stony side-hill. The colonel told me it must be accomplished. The enemy commenced about this time to send showers of leaden hail upon us, doing us, however, but little injury. As the officers and men of the Third seemed anxious for the affray, I ordered them to ascend the hill, which they did as promptly and quickly as the nature of the ground would admit. After getting my command in line, I noticed at this time that I could gain a strong position on the opposite side of a deep ravine that lay between my command and the edge of town; but to gain this position I would have to pass through an open field about 150 yards wide, and which would have exposed my command more to the enemy's fire. The colonel about this time ordered me forward. I commanded the "forward," and with a yell, as if the infernal regions had broken loose, we gained the desired position. We then opened a brisk and active fire upon the enemy, who returned it with a stubborn and determined spirit, holding us in check some ten minutes; but under our regular fire they were compelled to fall back a short distance to the top of a hill and in the woods, where they dismounted and secreted themselves behind rocks, trees, logs, and every place that would afford them shelter. In this position they awaited our approach. We then left our position in the village, and marched in line of battle to the woods on the south side of town, to the point the enemy had recently occupied. We had hardly reached their former position before we were greeted by a galling fire from the secreted enemy, wounding 3 men and killing 7 horses. This was the trying moment; but the gallant Buckeye boys of the Third never flinched. The enemy held us in check some twenty minutes, but their fire was kept up with spirit and energy. The colonel commanding brigade was present and in the front rank; ordered us to charge, and charge we did, though a little promiscuously, driving the enemy in utter confusion through the woods, capturing 15 men before they could mount their horses. The pursuit was continued some time, the enemy flying at breakneck speed over hills, rocks, and hollows, throwing away their arms and every incumbrance that impeded their flight. We were finally ordered to cease pursuit, which we did reluctantly. Bivouacked 1½ miles south of Bradyville for the night. At 4 o'clock on the following morning we took up the line of march for camp, where we arrived about 4 o'clock p. m. of the 2d instant.

I am highly gratified and pleased with the conduct of both officers and men during the skirmish.

* * * *

Captured 18 men and horses fully armed and equipped.

The wounded were at once conveyed to camp, and properly cared for by Surg. M. C. Cuykendall.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

W. M. FLANAGAN, Capt., Cmdg. Regt. [sic]

No. 5.

Report of Col. Eli Long, Fourth Ohio Cavalry.

HDQRS. FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Camp near Murfreesborough, March 3, 1863.

SIR: In compliance with instructions received from headquarters Second Cavalry Brigade, Department of the Cumberland, dated March 3, 1863, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry in the fight at Bradyville on the 1st instant: On approaching the village, the enemy was discovered plainly in sight, occupying the village. My regiment was about 400 yards in the rear of the First Middle Tennessee Cavalry. I was ordered to form my regiment in line on the right of the road, just without the range of the enemy's fire, which I did. I also at this time, pursuant to orders from the brigade commander, detailed Maj. Mathews to take the rear squadron and move to the right of a small hill, and then to move forward. Shortly after I had formed my line, I was ordered to move forward, which I did, giving the enemy my fire for a few minutes after getting within range. We then charged and drove the enemy before us, and pursued them on the road some 3½ miles, capturing, as near as I could judge, about 55 or 60 prisoners. Maj. Mathews, after passing to the right of the hall, was out of sight, but I am satisfied from the report of his pieces, and the effect produced upon the enemy, that his squadron was handled with marked ability, and did credit to its immediate commander. I saw no killed of the enemy, but 8 or 10 wounded, several with sabers.

My officers and men all fully sustained their former good reputation for gallantry, and I dislike to make any distinction, but I cannot refrain from mentioning, with all the praise due to a gallant and zealous officer, Capt. Richard P. Rifenberrick, commanding Company I, the speed of whose horse enabled him to keep at the head of his regiment, in which position he was severely wounded.

* * * *

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

ELI LONG, Col., Cmdg. Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry.

No. 6.

Report of Col. John F. Miller, Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.

MURFREESBOROUGH, March 2, 1863.

SIR: The troops ordered to report to me on yesterday for forage expedition assembled at the time and place indicated in the order, and, in addition to these forces, Maj. [A. B.] Bonnaffon reported, with 200 men from the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania, for the same duty. The train consisted of 300 wagons, and started for Bradyville at 7 a. m. Brig.-Gen. Stanely assumed command of the expedition. The cavalry in advance of my command attacked and routed the enemy posted in and around Bradyville, capturing about 70 prisoners. The infantry and artillery force was in supporting distance, but was not engaged. About 40 wagons were loaded with forage. This was all that could be obtained in the region of Bradyville. Gen. Stanley ordered the train back yesterday evening, and I sent up, by his order, the Third Tennessee and Thirty-seventh Indiana as escort for the train. The prisoners were sent in under guard of the Thirty-seventh Indiana. The remainder of the force bivouacked in and about Bradyville for the night, expecting an attack this morning, but the enemy made no attack.

At about 8 a. m. to-day I commenced the march to camp, and arrived in camp at 2 p. m.

There is no forage on or near the Bradyville road.

The conduct of the troops was good.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

JNO. F. MILLER, Col. Twenty-ninth Indiana, Cmdg. Third Brigade.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 65-70.

          1, Skirmish near Woodbury

MARCH 1, 1863.-Skirmish near Woodbury, Tenn.

Report of Col. William B. Hazen, Forty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps.

CAMP AT READYVILLE, March 2, 1863--12 m.

CAPT.: There are various rumors of considerable re-enforcements having been sent to Woodbury. The officers I sent in yesterday are from Duke's Second Kentucky Regt. [sic], which yesterday morning went from near Bradyville to Woodbury. We also have a prisoners from Smith's Fourth [Eighth] Tennessee Regt. [sic], which, he says, is at Woodbury, having gone there yesterday. Everybody brought from the country concurs in the story that there are two regiments at Bradyville. These, with the one that has been at Woodbury all the time (which is neither of the ones mentioned), make five in my front. It is quite certain that considerable re-enforcements have been received there since day before yesterday. The two men (Smith and Prater) whom I send to you can tell you what they think they know about it. They speak of the forces that were at the Fort Donelson fight being at Woodbury. You had better, perhaps, take them to Gen. Palmer.

Yesterday morning, at 4 a. m., I sent out three parties of 100 each, picked men, under picked officers, who went on different roads to the front, taking cover at light, and endeavoring to bushwhack the enemy. The party toward Woodbury had a brisk skirmish, and retired without loss before a vastly superior force of cavalry. One of the enemy was known to be shot. The party toward Bradyville also had several little skirmishes, catching one; but as the enemy are all mounted and know the country much the best, I think they will come out best at bushwhacking. I have a forage train out now which has been attacked, and the firing is now going on. The officer in command has sent in for re-enforcements, and I have sent him all I dare to, as it will not do to expose my camp.

I would beg respectfully to suggest that, while such a force is in my immediate vicinity, foraging necessary to subsist my animals, with any escort it is safe to spare from the camp, is almost too hazardous for expediency.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

W. B. HAZEN, Col., Cmdg.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23. pt. I, pp. 70-71.

          1, U.S. Naval Convoy arrives in Nashville

NASHVILLE, March 1, 1863.

Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS:

Fleet arrived this morning--twenty-six transports and four gunboats. The gunboats were supposed up the river; only went up 60 miles and returned same night, and passed down without landing or reporting. Two gunboats go up this morning as far as Carthage.

ROBT. B. MITCHELL, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. Post.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 96.

          1, Prices for necessities and Confederate conscription in Chattanooga

MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN.,

March 1, 1863--1.09 p. m.

Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Gen.-in-Chief:

* * * *

....Prices at Chattanooga are: Flour, $40 to $50 per barrel; potatoes, $1 per bushel; corn, $4; salt, 60 to 70 cents per pound; molasses, $4 per gallon; men's shoes, $20 to $25 per pair; boots, $50 per pair; bacon, $75 per hundred; beef, $30 per hundred. Now is the time for strong and sure measures.

The conscript law is our admiration and hope. [emphasis added]

W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 95.

          1, Class-conscious observations on poor white refugees in Murfreesboro and environs, an excerpt from the diary of John C. Spence [unless otherwise noted, all emphasis is added]

There is a large number of [white] country people, from different sections, that has congregated here. [sic] That is commonly called refugees [sic], who, as a class of people, are generally a degree below the negro [sic], but, like the negro [sic], make their appearance. Man and woman, half clad, with a half doz [sic] tow head children, all with small bundles under their arms of old quilts and a fiew [sic] articles of clothing. Another set-a man carrying a bundle, which appears to be about the house hold for himself, wife, and three or four tow heads and a dog or two. His elbows and knees out, a seedy hat, and an apology for shoes, wife half clothed and look like she had not been near water for a month or more. Children frequently barefooted, hair resembling porcupine quills.

These motly [sic] crouds [sic] make their appearance, tell a pitiful tale, say that everything they had was taken from them. It is plainly seen, they had nothing to take. They, like the negro [sic], came here to be fed and do nothing, as usual.

These people claim...to call themselves Union, came for protection. Some of them thought the "sesesh" ought to be turned out of their house and let them have places to live. These people lay, or camped, in the Baptist church, men, women, and children.

Their friends, the Yankees, did not have much confidence in them. They allowed the men to carry their wood on their shoulders for half a mile without offering to haul [it for them]. Had to cook out in the street. Many of these men were put on the fortifications to work for rations. This may set a hard picture to look [at]. It is [sic] the truth.

There was a little better looking class of Union [sic], who run off from the rebel lines, left their families at home to take care of themselves as best they may. They did not wish to be conscripted [into the Army of Tennessee], [and] thought this to be a more safe place. But the Yankees, always a calculating people, thought there was too many good soldiers [sic] out of the army, so they set about and formed a regiment, as far as it would go, out of this stock. No doubt but there was many a disappointed fellow "Out of the frying pan into the fire." [sic]

Spence Diary.

          1, Punishment for desertion and the attempted murder of an officer in the Army of the Cumberland in Murfreesboro

On Sunday, March 1st, a man in the 75th Indiana who had been tried by a court-martial for desertion and an attempt to kill an officer, received the execution of the sentence. Reynolds' whole division was drawn up in line, without arms, on the McMinnville Pike, to witness the deed. The condemned man, hand-cuffed, was marched to the front and centre of the division, where a fire was burning briskly. He was seated on a stool near the fire. A barber lathered his head until it was white as snow, and then proceeded to shave it until it was as bare as the palm and as slick as an onion. This done, his head was firmly held, while Col. Wilder took a red-hot iron from the fire and pressed it against the right cheek – a siz [sic] and a jet of steam – the iron is withdrawn, and there is a large red D upon the cheek. The bands all began to play the rogue's march, while the deserter was taken to the extreme left of the division and marched along its front, bare headed, the great D showing fiery red, two soldiers following him with bayonets pointed at his hips; a drum and fife in [the] rear playing the rogue's march. Striped to the waist, with a single blanket rolled up and swung about his shoulder, a canteen of water and one day's rations – the wretch shivered as he passed along before us, and most of the men will say that during their service they never saw a more revolting, pitiable spectacle. He was taken beyond the Union lines, north of Murfreesboro, and set adrift with the assurance that if ever he came back he would be shot.

This was severe, but it became necessary to preserve the discipline of the army. Others, in other corps, were treated like this man. Some were shot and others hung, and yet there were still some cases of desertion and criminal conduct.

McGee, 72d Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 104.[7]

          1, Report on the Army Police Proceedings

Army Police Proceedings.

Before the Chief of Army Police, Nashville, February 28.—A matter against H. M. Smith has been pending for a few days. It appears that Mr. Smith, being in charge of the Government shop in this city, sold a quantity of canvas rags, which had accumulated in manufacturing wagon covers, to Mr. R. Hill, proprietor of a paper-mill, sometime last fall, upon the verbal order of the A. A. Quartermaster, receiving therefore the sum of $101.75—and that he cannot show proper vouchers for the same. Mr. Smith claims that every cent of the money has been expended on behalf of the Government, but that in the press of business he had no settlement with the Quartermaster. The money may have been appropriated as is claimed, but the transaction shows a carelessness and want of system in conducting business that cannot be tolerated. The money must yet be paid to the Quartermaster.

Nashville Dispatch, March 1, 1863.

 

1864

 

March 1, 1864, Scouts to vicinity of the junction of the Little Tennessee and Tuckalechee Rivers

MADISONVILLE, TENN., March 1, 1864.

Lieut. Col. J. S. FULLERTON, Assistant Adjutant-Gen., Fourth Army Corps:

I have the honor to report that some of my scouts have returned from the vicinity of the junction of the Little Tennessee and Tuckallechee Rivers. They report a party of the enemy, about 300 strong, with three pieces of artillery, watching the gap. I have sent out an expedition to try and effect their capture. They also report that a portion of Longstreet's force passed through Greenville, S. C.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

E. M. McCOOK, Col., Cmdg.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 3.

          1, Confederate cavalry attack and depredations at Dandridge

No circumstantial reports filed. HDQRS. SECOND Brig., THIRD DIV., TWENTY-THIRD CORPS,

Strawberry Plains, March 2, 1864.

Brig. Gen. E. E. POTTER, Chief of Staff, Strawberry Plains:

GEN.: From scouting parties and citizens who have come into the lines, I learn that a force of enemy's cavalry entered Dandridge yesterday morning. This force divided, part remaining in Dandridge and part advancing 8 miles this side. The object seems to have been plunder and impressment of citizens. I have had a scouting party out 10 miles to day, without meeting the enemy. I am inclined to the belief that the party that advanced yesterday has gone back to Dandridge, where I am told there is a considerable force of the enemy, all cavalry. We will be on our guard here, and unless the force is very large, do not apprehend any danger.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

DANIEL CAMERON, Col., Cmdg.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 10.

1, 1864-April 11, 1862, U. S. Naval Activities on the Tennessee River

Excerpts from the Abstract log of the U. S. S. Lexington, August 16, 1861-April 11, 1862, Commander R. N. Stembel.

~ ~ ~ ~

March 1.--From meridian to 4: Cloudy, wind south. At Pittsburg [Landing?] rebel battery opened fire at 1:08. The Tyler returned the fire immediately and we opened with No. I starboard gun at 1:10. Fired 75 rounds. The rebel battery ceased firing at 1:45 p.m., when we ran up close to shore and began to fire grape. Saw rebels on the hill. Sent the launch and cutter with troops ashore at 2:55 under the charge of Second Master M. Dunn. The rebels were in strong force under the hills and fired on our men, who were forced to retreat to their boats and returned on board at 2:40, bringing one wounded man belonging to the Tyler. Turned downstream at 3:25. A skiff hailed from shore at 3:35, stopped for it to come alongside; 3 Union men came on board. On calling the roll we found 3 of our men missing.

~ ~ ~ ~

March 7.--At 11:05 a.m. came in sight of Pittsburg Landing and discovered that the rebels had up a flag of truce. Answered it and sent the cutter on shore in charge of Mr. Dunn to see what was wanting. Cutter returned in a few minutes with a written communication for Captain Gwin. At 11:45 rounded to and stood down the river; no troops in sight. At 12 meridian landed at Savannah.

March 8--Landed at Craven's Landing at 6:25 p.m. and put on shore provisions for the Union people who had been run in by the secession cavalry.

March 9.--Lying to at Craven's Landing to keep the rebel cavalry from attacking some of the country people who had fled from their homes to keep from being pressed into the rebel army. Cast loose and got underway up the river. At 9 landed at Chalk Bluffs; took refugees on board and landed them at Savannah. At 1:15 left Savannah with Colonel Worthington and aids on board and stood up the river. At 2:30 p.m. came in sight of Pittsburg Landing and fired starboard battery, firing 9 rounds. Ceased firing at 9:45; not receiving any answer, rounded to and stood down the river.

March 10.--At 10:20 a.m. stood down the river. At 10:55 landed at Chalk Bluffs to try and get some information in regard to the movements of the rebels. Took on some men that the rebels were in pursuit of. Landed at Craven's Landing. At 12 the Golden State came down with troops and landed. At 2:50 p.m. stood up the river with 10 of the Forty-sixth Ohio Volunteers. At 3:40 landed at Chalk Bluffs and took on board some small arms. Lay a short time and went up the river. At 5 landed at Savannah, put off the refugees, and made fast to the other shore. At 6:25 sent the cutter and launch to the B. J. Adams and brought off men to station out for pickets. At 6:45 they were called in and returned to the Adams.

March 11.--Lying to off Savannah. Golden Gate arrived with troops. Transports continue to arrive with troops through the day.

March l2.--Underway up the Tennessee River. Passed Pittsburg Landing at 1:50 a.m.; fired one 8-inch shell. From 4 to 8: Alongside the Tyler at Boyd's Landing, about 10 miles below East-port; put 150 shells on board of her. Stood up river. At 7:20 came in sight of Chickasaw, and the Tyler opened fire on the rebel works. The fort returned the fire, and we then opened fire on them. Fired 215 rounds. At 8:30 stood down the river after the Tyler. At 10:50 fired one shell at Crump's Landing. Landed at Savannah with the Tyler. From meridian to 4 p.m.: Stood down the river; met a number of steamers. At 7 stood off Crump's Landing to wait for transports. At 10 five transports arrived from Savannah and commenced landing troops. Fired one 8-inch shell into the woods above where troops were being landed.

March 13.--Last transport arrived at 3:30 a.m. At 7:30 the Goody Friends came up from Savannah and reported reinforcements coming up. At 8 the transports commenced leaving Crump's Landing and going to the opposite side for fear of an attack.

March 14.--Passed Pittsburgh at 4:40 p.m. Fired three shell. Rounded to a short distance above and, in passing down, fired two shell. Landed a short distance above Crump's Landing.

March 15.--Lying to opposite Crump's Landing guarding the transports.

March 19.--At 9 a.m. landed at Clifton. Sent out Mr. Dunn in charge of a squad of men and found some contraband goods: had them hauled to the river and put on board the Boston. The Boston got underway anti stood down the river and we immediately after. At 11:35 landed at East Perryville, Tenn. At 4:10 p.m. landed and destroyed Napier and Weyler's ferry flats. At 5:10 landed at Wagoner's Ferry and ordered him not to ferry any more. At 5:25 parsed the J. W. Hillman lying to at the Northeestern Railroad with troops. At 6 stopped at Reynoldsville and burned horse ferryboat.

March 24.--At 2:55 p.m. came to 4 miles below Eastport, Miss. The Tyler opened fire on an earthwork on the point of a hill which has the appearance of a masked battery. We opened fire at 3:05 and fired 24 rounds; receiving no answer, ceased firing at 3:53. Captain Shirk went on board the Tyler to consult with Captain Gwin, who reported seeing two gains inside the earthwork.

March 25.--Landed at Northeestern Railroad, and, after stopping a few minutes, passed on down the river. At 6:35 a.m. met the Meteor loaded with troops. At 8 met the Fanny Bullitt loaded with cavalry and artillery.

March 27.--Off Savannah. The D. G. Taylor arrived with troops. We left at 4 p.m., standing lip the river. At 6:15 met the Sunshine with troops. At 6:45 met the Continental with troops. Passed Decatur Furnace at 12:05; stopped opposite Clifton and at I destroyed two ferryboats. At 8:45 the A. McDowell landed at Savannah with cavalry on board.

March 29.--At 11:10 a.m. left Perryville, stood up the river; stopped opposite Patriot and destroyed a ferryboat. Stopped at Culp's Landing and destroyed a ferryboat.

March 30.--At 5:25 a.m. standing up the river in company with the Tyler. At 8:10 called to quarters near the rebel battery. After the Tyler had fired a few shot we returned down the river at 10. At 11, while passing Wynn's Landing, several shots were fired at us from the shore; we returned the fire with shell and grape. At 12, meridian, landed at Boyd's Landing. At 2:45 the Empress arrived with troops and cattle.

March 31.--At 10:15 a.m. came to off the mouth of Horse Creek; went ashore in launch and destroyed a small ferryboat.

April 1.--At 6:25 a.m. landed at Moore's; took Mr. Moore on board by order of Captain Gwin and stood up the river. The Empress and Tecumseh came up with us at 9:20 with troops on board. Underway up the Tennessee River, towing the Cairo. At 1:30 p.m. cast loose from the Cairo and called to quarters. Commenced firing at 1: 30, and at 2:33 the Cairo signaled to cease firing. We fired 45 rounds without getting any response from the enemy. Rounded to at 6:40 and stood down the river.

April 2.--At 8:40 a.m. the N. W. Thomas started up the river with troops.

April 3.--At 10:30 a.m. stopped at Carrollville and destroyed two came to off Eagle Nest Island; small ferryboats. Passed Clifton: sent launch ashore to destroy a small ferryboat.

April 4.--At Pittsburg at 11:50 a.m. The Crescent City and Planet arrived with troops.

April 5.--Arrived at Crump's at 4:50 a.m. The McDowell came down at 5:50 and landed with troops. The War Eagle came up with troops. At 11 the Planet passed with troops. The steamer Fort Wayne passed up, loaded with pontoon boats

April 6.--Off Crump's Landing. From 8 to meridian: Heavy firing heard all the morning in the direction of Pittsburg. The John Ramm passed down and reported fighting at Pittsburg. Got underway and stood down the river and came to a short distance above Pittsburg, near the Tyler. At 10:30 the Tyler stood up the river and returned. Men coming in report our loss heavy. The firing still continues without cessation. Several shots have fallen in the river close to us. Men still coming in, great many of them wounded. They report that the rebels arc getting the better of us on the left wing. Rounded to at 12:15 and stood down the river. Arrived at Crump's at 12:50. At 1 p.m. the Fort Wayne passed up with pontoon boats on board. Arrived at Pittsburg at 4. The Tyler commenced shelling the woods at 4:15. At 4:30 we commenced, fired 12 rounds. At 4:37 stood down the river; stopped opposite Pittsburg to take Captain Hurd on board. Dropped down after the Tyler at 5:45. Heavy firing on shore. At 6 the rebels opened fire on Pittsburg; we returned it by shot and shell. Fired 32 rounds, when, not hearing any more firing, we ceased at 6:10. Stood down the river; everything, quiet. Stood up the river and arrived at Pittsburg at 10. At 10:15 two transports came up with troops; 4 boats arrived with troops.

April 7.--At 1 a.m. went up and took position with the Tyler and commenced firing one shell every seventeen minutes. Ceased firing at 5: 30; went on shore and brought off in the cutter a wounded man belonging to the Twelfth Illinois, and put him aboard the hospital boat Hannibal. Firing on shore heavy, with cheering all along-the line.

April 11.--Arrived at Hamburg; put some men on shore. Some rebel cavalry fired upon them. Dropped out in the stream and returned it with shell; fired three rounds, landed, and took our men on board.

NOR, Ser. I, Vol. 22, pp. 783-786.

 

1865

 

March 1, 1865, Scout and skirmish near Philadelphia

MARCH 1, 1865.-Skirmish near Philadelphia, Tenn.

Report of Capt. William A. Cochran, Seventh Tennessee Mounted Infantry.

ATHENS, March 2, 1865--9.30 a. m.

I sent a scout out yesterday after the guerrillas that were [near] Philadelphia. They ran into the rear of them, and killed 5 or 6, and captured 7 horses and large amounts of other property, such as clothing, boots, and shoes. We took no prisoners.

W. A. COCHRAN, Cmdg. Seventh Regt. [sic]

ADDENDA.

HDQRS. DISTRICT OF EAST TENNESSEE AND FOURTH DIVISION, TWENTY-THIRD ARMY CORPS, Knoxville, Tenn., March 2, 1865.

Capt. W. A. COCHRAN, Cmdg. Seventh Tennessee Mounted Infantry, Athens, Tenn.:

Your dispatch received. I am exceedingly pleased with your success, and especially with your not taking any prisoners. Have you any definite information of the rebel raiders killing any unarmed Union men since the guerrillas you have as prisoners at Athens were taken?

DAVIS TILLSON, Brig. Gen., U. S. Volunteers, Cmdg. District and Division.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 49, pt. I, p. 73.

          1, Ongoing anti-guerrilla activities, McMinnville, White County, and Collins River areas

NASHVILLE, TENN., March 1, 1865.

Maj. Gen. R. H. MILROY, Tullahoma:

Is there any Federal force operating in the vicinity of Sparta or Calfkiller River?

B. H. POLK, Maj. and Assistant Adjutant-Gen.

TULLAHOMA, March 1, 1865.

Maj. B. H . POLK, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:

I know of no Federal forces assembling in the vicinity of Sparta or on Calfkiller River. I have about 200 men of the Twenty-ninth Michigan and Forty-second Missouri at McMinnville under a very efficient officer, who are actively engaged in scouting and sending guerrillas and their friends to hell. They have made several scouts down Collins River and over into White County recently in the direction of Sparta. Capt. Lewis, the officer in command at McMinnville, reports that some of Lyon's men are in the mountains east of Sparta, and are said to have some artillery with them, and it is rumored that Wheeler's vagabonds are crossing the Tennessee River in squads and expect to unite somewhere for a raid, but he (Lewis) is ready for them. I go over to Fayetteville to-morrow to be absent three days.

R. H. MILROY, Maj.-Gen.

OR, Ser. I, Vol. 49, pt. I, pp. 809-810.

          1, "The 7th Tennessee Again Victorious" [sic]

On Wednesday [1st] night last a band of rebel guerrillas crossed the mountains into the south side of McMinn county, and gobbled up a number of horses, and after robbing several dwelling houses started back of their den with their booty. The 7th Tennessee Mounted Infantry, stationed at Athens, having been notified of the depredations of the robbers, detailed a scouting party of about fifty men, and started in pursuit. The pursuing party came up with the guerrillas on Saturday [4th] evening on the top of Unicoa [sic] mountain, where the devils halted, formed in line of battle and offered fight. The Seventh, well pleased with the turn of affairs had taken, charged the guerrillas, routing and driving them to within twelve miles of Murphy, N.C., killing five of them, among the number one Wheeler Mastin, a young man who has made himself somewhat notorious by his daring depredations on citizens of McMinn-a brother of Capt. R. F. Mastin, who led the squads that dashed into Sweetwater and Philadelphia a short time since and captured fifteen horses, two Spencer rifles, two Burnside carbines, two fine colt's pistols, (one of them with Captain Mastin's name engraved on it) together with a considerable quantity of leather, cloth, spun thread, &c., which the guerrillas had stolen. The scouting party returned to Athens on Sunday morning with the trophies of their fight, fully satisfied with the result of the expedition. They brought in no prisoners.

The 7th Tennessee is composed of some of the best men of the country, and if they were but armed and equipped as they deserve to be, the section of country, and if they were but armed and equipped as they deserve to be, the section of country which they organized to defend would suffer very little more from the incursions of guerrilla bands. All such as might have the temerity to cross the Chilhowee range of mountains would be "taken in out of the wet" and properly cared for.

Chattanooga Gazette, 8th. [sic]

Brownlow's Whig and Rebel Ventilator, March 22, 1865.

          1, Major-General R. H. Milroy's opinion of himself, a sword presentation from Union sympathizers in Bedford County, an excerpt from a letter by Major-General R. H. Milroy to his wife in Rensselaer, Indiana

....I recd [sic] a fine sword presented by the Citizens of Shelbyville and Bedford County on the 22nd [of January]. The loyal men of the surrounding counties almost worship me. I have shown them so much favor and have been so hard on those hated Secesh that they look on me as the best General that has been in Tenn. Most of the loyal men in Bedford Co. were refugees at Murfreesboro during the Hood raid and saw me lick Forrest and Bates[8] and it gave them a very high opinion of my generalship and bravery. I had a very pleasant time at Shelbyville among the hospital loyal people [sic] of that place. You will see the presentation speech and my reply to it in the papers probably. The presentation was made by Judge Wiseman[9] who will be one of the U. S. Senators from this state....

* * * *

Papers of General Milroy, pp. 497-498.

          1, Yankee economic imperialism in Middle Tennessee, an excerpt from a letter by Major-General R. H. Milroy to his wife in Rensselaer, Indiana

....My brother Jim come [sic] out her about ten days ago to get a cotton farm. There is a large amount of Cole [sic] Oil region in Tennesse [sic]. I put Jim [on it], after getting all he could lease. He has already…with a few others leased a large amount of valuable lands which will be immensely valuable some day and he is going ahead and will probably have the most valuable oil possessions in the U. S.[.] I am a secret partner with him but keep this a secret as it was not alowed [sic] of army officers....

*  *  *  *

Papers of General Milroy, p. 498.

          1, "The majority of these people are in a most wretched condition when they report, being almost entirely destitute of clothing, food or means to procure these necessaries." The U. S. Army's response to the white refugee predicament in Memphis

Refugees at Memphis.

The Bulletin has in relation to white refugees in Memphis, a report which is well worth reading and, and should excite the benevolent to philanthropic effort.

OFFICE SUPERINTENDENT OF REFUGEES,

Memphis, March 1, 1865.

Lieut. John D. Perry - A. A. Q.M-Lieut.: In compliance with General Order No. 1, dated Office General Superintendent of Refugees and Freedmen, February 28, 1865, I have the honor to submit the following report of the number and condition of the refugees who have reported within the post and defences of Memphis since 23d January, 1865; also the number furnished with transportation, number of rations received and issued, and the property in my possession: Number reported, 1,006; number furnished transportation to Cairo, 779; number died, 3; total number remaining at this port, 224. Total number of rations received, 5,880; total number rations issued, 4,090; number on hand, 2,290. Of the number furnished with transportation, 316 were children under twelve years of age that are allowed half transportation. Of the number supplied with rations, 121 were deserters from the rebel army, who are supplied while waiting to take the oath.

The majority of these people are in a most wretched condition when they report, being almost entirely destitute of clothing, food or means to procure these necessaries. Those who are here at present have been supplied to a great extent with clothing furnished by benevolent societies [in the] North. There are but limited arrangements made by [the] Government for the comfort of these people. I now have possession of 17 out-buildings, belonging to Chelsea cotton factory, by special orders No 289, dated Headquarters Post and Defences of Memphis, No, 128, 1864, which are used as quarters. Besides these there is no land or buildings in my possession.

Until recently here has been no medical attendance at all. By request of Brig. Gen.. Chiltain, commanding post and department, I am endeavoring to establish a hospital, and have applied for the detail of a hospital steward to take charge of it. In accordance with orders from Headquarters Post and Defenses of Memphis, Surgeon Jas. Hamilton, 120th Illinois Infantry, has hitherto supplied necessary medical attendance. He has recently been detached aw a Surgeon-in-Chief of the District of West Tennessee, and I am not informed whether any arrangement has been made to continue the work that he began. Fuel is supplied by the Quartermaster's Department, and paid for out of the secret service fund.

I have been acting for the greater part under verbal instructions from different commanders. I transmit herewith copies of orders that I have received.[10]

I am very respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

Will. A. Davidson, Lieut. 10th Ill. Inf., Supt. of Refugees.

New Orleans Times, March 17, 1865.



[1] The victor in this conflict cannot be determined, a characteristic of many confrontations in the war. On this day at Pittsburg Landing two U. S. Navy wooden gunboats, traveling up the Tennessee, attacked a Confederate field battery.

[2] The call for militia was made from Memphis where the General Assembly had moved since the fall of Nashville to Federal forces after the defeat of Confederate forces at Fort Donelson.

[3] John Beatty, Citizen Soldier: or, Memoirs of a Volunteer, (Cincinnati: Distich, Baldwin & Co. Publishers, 1879) pp. 112-114. [Hereinafter cited as: Beatty, Citizen Soldier.]

[4] Ann York Franklin, ed., The Civil War Diaries of Capt. Alfred Tyler Fielder, 12th Tennessee Regiment Infantry, Company B, 1861-1865, (Louisville: n.p. 1996). [Hereinafter cited as Fielder Diaries.]

[5] As cited in PQCW.

[6] Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee refers to this as an action, and judging from the following reports, he may be right. However, the OR registers it as a skirmish.

[7] B. F. McGee, History of the 72d Volunteer Infantry of the Mounted Lightning Brigade. A Faithful Record of the Life, Service, and Suffering, of the Rank and File of the Regiment, on the March, in Camp, in Battle, and in Prison. Especially Devoted to Giving the Reader a Definite Knowledge of the Service of the Common Soldier. With an Appendix Containing a Complete Roster of Officers and Men. (La Fayette, Indiana: S. Vater & Co.,"The Journal," Printers, 1882), p. 104. [Hereinafter cited as: McGee, 72d Indiana.]

[8] "The Battle of the Cedars" December 7, 1864.

[9] See January 9, 1861,"Shall Tennessee Submit?"

[10] Not found.

 

James B. Jones, Jr.

Public Historian

Editor, The Courier

Tennessee Historical Commission

2941 Lebanon Road

Nashville, TN  37214

(615)-770-1090 

(615)-532-1549  FAX

 

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