Notes from Civil War Tennessee,
April 26, 1861-1865
1861
26, Brigadier-General Gideon J. Pillow endorses Randolph, Tennessee, as optimum site for a fort
MEMPHIS, April 26, 1861.
L. P. WALKER:
Randolph is the most eligible situation for a battery to protect Memphis. Capt. Stockton considers his instructions as restricting him to a point nearer Memphis. Will you authorize him to exercise his own judgment and construct at Randolph?
GID. J. PILLOW.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 52, pt. II, p. 73.
26, "Palmyra True to the South;" demagoguery and enlistment in Clarksville
The citizens of Palmyra and its vicinity met here to-day, in obedience to a call made for the purpose of raising a volunteer company, to enlist in defense of Southern Rights.
S. F. Allen was called to the Chair, and Rbt. Eldridge appointed Sec'y.
Col. W. A. Quarles, of Clarksville, then took the stand, and addressed them, with great earnestness and ability, exposing the duplicity practiced upon the South by Lincoln and his Cabinet, condemning the vile and flagrant acts of usurpation by which they seek to carry out their unholy purpose of subjugating the Southern States. He proved conclusively that the "armed neutrality" position advocated by some, for Kentucky and Tennessee to assume tended only to assist the North. His speech was marked by sincerity and patriotic zeal, was every appropriate, effective, and well received. At the conclusion of which, it was moved by A. Outlaw, Esq., and seconded, that the resolutions presented by Col. W. A. Quarles, to the Southern Rights Association, held at Clarksville, on the 13th inst., as published, be adopted by this meeting, which was agreed to unanimously. Col. M. G. Gholson, having been solicited, gallantly accepted the invitation and announced that he would take command of a company of volunteers, if a sufficient number would enlist. Faster than the Secretary could record their names, 36 of the honest and patriotic young men offered themselves, and were well received.
Liberal contributions were made to supply them with provision while on drill.
The call then for a Home Guard was responded to by every man present, in the district. Col. Quarles proceeded to organize them, by having officer elected. W. B. Russell, Esq., was elected Captain; Mr. R. M. [?] Williamson, 1st Lieutenant; H. T. Oliphant, 2nd; M. C. Powers, Ensign; and S. A. Caldwell, O.S.
On motion of Col. Gholson, it was ordered, that the Clarksville papers be furnished with a report and requested to publish the proceedings of this meeting, which then adjourned, having been conducted with the most exemplary order, particularly characterized by unanimous feelings of indignation and defiance towards the North, and unflinching devoted [sic] to Southern Rights.
Clarksville Chronicle, April 26, 1861.
26, Germantown Ladies organize to help protect the fatherland
The Ladies of Germantown.
Editors Appeal: We, the ladies of Germantown and vicinity, in consideration of the troubles that are brooding over our native land, have resolved to aid to the best of our ability our relatives and friends who shall engage in the approaching conflict. We, therefore, offer to the soldiers of Germantown all the assistance in our power with our needles, and promise also to aid in the care and sustenance of their families during their absence. And should the war approach our own homes, we will watch over the sick and wounded (though strangers) as our own brothers or fathers.
[Signed] Mrs. Maria L. Pettit, Mrs. E. B. Cornelius, Mrs. Mills, Mrs. Moliter, Mrs. Morgan, Mrs. Rhodes, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Hicks, Mrs. Boardman, Mrs. Burnley, Mrs. Goode, and many others.
Memphis Daily Appeal, April 26, 1861.
26, Chelsea's Southern Mothers
The "Southern Mothers" of Chelsea. In response to the call of the "Southern Mothers" of Memphis—the mothers of Chelsea met in large numbers yesterday, and formed a similar association. The enthusiasm shown on the occasion should comfort every southern patriot, now arming in defense of his country. The following are the names of the officers: Mrs. W. G. Ford, President; Mrs. J. Y. Gibson, Vice-President; Rachael D. Rawlings, Secretary and Treasurer; managers, Mistress James Woods, Danbury, Walter Morehead, J. Brochus, John Temple, Ammond, Marley, B. R. Thomas, Sarah Means.
Memphis Daily Appeal, April 26, 1861.
1862
26, Skirmish at Atkins' Mill
No circumstantial reports filed.
Excerpt from the Report of Brig. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army, commanding cavalry division, of operations from April 23 to June 10, 1862, relative to the skirmish at Atkin's Mill, April 24, 1862.
HDQRS. CAVALRY DIVISION, ARMY OF THE MISSISSIPPI, Near Corinth, June 19, 1862.
GEN.: The division which I have the honor to command is composed of four regiments of cavalry, of twelve companies each, comprising the First Brigade, under Col. J. K. Mizner, consisting of the Third Michigan and Seventh Illinois, and the Second Brigade, consisting of the Second Iowa and Second Michigan, under Col. Elliott.
* * * *
April 24.-Col. Elliott, commanding Second Brigade, with a battalion each of Second and Third Michigan, Second Iowa, and Seventh Illinois, proceeded to Greer's Ford. On the 26th Capt. Fowler, Second Michigan, while on escort duty with his company, was fired upon by the enemy's pickets, severely wounding Private John Foster, Company G. The enemy retreated, and the nature of the ground forbade much pursuit. Four companies, same regiment, under Maj. Shaw, drove in the enemy's pickets at Atkins' Mill. Had 1 man wounded. Col. Elliott's force for several days were continually scouring the country toward Monterey.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 10, pt. I, p. 727.
26, Confederate imprisonment order for unionist W. H. Malone and release of John Patterson
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, April 26, 1862.
COMDG. OFFICER OF PRISON, Atlanta, Ga.
SIR: By direction of Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, commanding this military department, I have to request that you will admit into the prison in which the Union men of Tennessee are confined Mr. W. H. Malone, a gentleman who bears this communication and whose loyalty is indorsed by some of the best and most patriotic citizens of the State. Mr. M. proposes to enlist into the army of the Confederacy such of the prisoners as may be disposed and whom he may deem reliable for service without the limits of this department. The major-general commanding heartily approves the motive which influences Mr. M., and trusts that the object he would attain will as far as possible be advanced by the authorities who have the prisoners in charge. You will release John Patterson, one of the prisoners who was by mistake sent among the number.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. L. CLAY, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. II, Vol. I, p. 885.
26, Confederate authorities give Mrs. Andrew Johnson more time to prepare for exile
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, OFFICE PROVOST-MARSHAL,
April 26, 1862.
Mrs. ANDREW JOHNSON.
MADAM: Your note to Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith has been referred to this office and I am directed respectfully to reply in order to give you more time to make your arrangements for leaving. The time is extended thirty-six hours from the delivery of this second note when the major-general hopes you will be ready to comply with his request. You can go by way of Norfolk, Va., north, or by Kingston to Nashville.
Passports and an escort will be furnished for your protection.
Very respectfully,
[W. M. CHURCHWELL,] Col. and Provost-Marshal.
OR, Ser. II, Vol. I, p. 885.
26, Confederate authorities provide escort for Mrs. William B. Carter to be exiled from Tennessee via Cumberland Gap
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, OFFICE PROVOST-MARSHAL, April 26, 1862.
Mrs. WILLIAM B. CARTER, Elizabethton.
MADAM: I am directed by Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith respectfully to require that you and your family pass beyond the C. S. line in thirty-six hours from the delivery of this note by way of Cumberland Gap.
Passports and an escort will be furnished you for your protection to the enemy's line.
Very respectfully,
W. M. CHURCHWELL.
OR, Ser. II, Vol. I, pp. 885-886.
[No date.] [sic]
TO THE PUBLIC:
The militia draft under the State laws having been suspended by the proclamation of Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith he also suspends the operation of the conscript bill in this department. It is expected all good citizens will return from Kentucky. They will not be molested if they come to remain and cultivate their farms and take care of their families.
W. M. CHURCHWELL, Col. and Provost-Marshal.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 1, p. 886.
26, E. Kirby Smith's situation report for East Tennessee
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, April 26, 1862.
Maj. T. A. WASHINGTON, Assistant Adjutant-Gen., C. S. Army:
MAJ.: Inclosed is a return of the troops serving in the department under my command.
Of the 11,074 present in "aggregate for duty," one regiment and two battalions (1,030 effective) are unarmed; one regiment (Bradford's, 363 effective) is partly armed with country rifles; Morgan's regiment is disloyal,[1] and has been ordered down from Cumberland Gap, to be sent out of the department; Branner's and McClellan's cavalry (700 effective) are under orders for Gen. Crittenden's command. This leaves an aggregate of 8,619 effective for duty; 1,143 of which are cavalry, generally indifferently armed and inefficient.
The line of the Cumberland is best defended by a force mobilized at some central point. The enemy with superior forces threatening Chattanooga and Cumberland Gap from without and a disloyal people within requiring large detachments to guard the line of the railroad, leaves a very inadequate command for defending the department.
A move of 5,000 men on Nashville would be productive of great results, but situated as I am it could only be made at the sacrifice of the railroad and department.
My reports from Cumberland Gap, and through other sources, indicate a large force on the Cumberland River, opposite the Gap. Their number is greatly exaggerated; but have a formidable column has been collected and that a forward movement may soon be expected from Kentucky is undoubted. The force originally under Gen. Carter has been re-enforced by three regiments and a battery of artillery from Louisville, Ky. At least 7,000 Unionists from East Tennessee have joined his command within the last three weeks, and the Federal troops which were operating against Pound Gap are reported to have been ordered to the same point. By information received from Lexington, Ky., a large amount of transportation destined for Cumberland Gap had arrived there on the 11th instant, and the belief was prevalent among our friends that East Tennessee would be invaded from that point by a large force.
Re-enforcements should be sent to the department and arms for the unarmed regiments forwarded without delay. More than 5,000 men cannot be concentrated for the defense of any one point. The enemy seems preparing to enter East Tennessee with so formidable a column that, while every effort will be made on my part to oppose him, unless re-enforcements are sent the safety of the State and road will be endangered.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. KIRBY SMITH, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 10, pt. II, pp. 453-454.
26, Report of a new textile in Tennessee
Cow Hair vs. Wool.—The manufacture of cow hair mixed with cotton has recently been introduced with perfect success. It is said to be quite as warm and durable for coarse fabrics as wool and cotton. It is being manufactured in considerable quantities in Tennessee. One whole company has been uniformed with it.—Ex.
Austin (Texas) State Gazette, April 26, 1862. [2]
26, Observations on Confederate Fortifications from Fort Wright to Memphis
Down the Mississippi, from Fort Wright to Memphis.
The old story is to be re-enacted; barriers and hindrances, new Gibraltars and impregnable positions, new obstructions, new boastings; to be succeeded by new quests b the Government troops, as they steadily press onward to clear the Mississippi, and open its waters, without hindrance or danger, from Lake Itaska to the Gulf, once more uniting the North and South by the remover of Mr. Bright's geographical objection against disunion.
Fort Wright, called, we believe, Fort Pillow, until that famous General became infamous even in Rebel eyes, lies on the east bank of the Mississippi, upon an eminence, giving it an extensive command. Connected with it, artificial obstructions are placed across Tie River, and swept by the batteries. Just back of the fort is the town of Fulton, and just below it, in the river, Island No. 34. The fort is about eighty miles from Memphis. It has already been attacked, but the exact character of the defence is not yet known. To judge from the names of runs and bens between Fort Wright and Memphis, the river here must bear a particularly diabolical character. Just below Island No. 35 is the "Devil's Race," a sort of crevasse which cuts off the inner projection a bend; and below Island no 37 is the "Devil's Elbow," an ugly and tortuous bend, about twenty miles above Memphis.
Fort Randolph, the second serious obstruction below Fort Wright, and not more than ten miles distant from it by land-the Hatchie river flowing in between-is situated upon high sand bluffs on the east bank, directly parallel to the river. Its guns also sweep artificial obstructions in the cannel of the river. The next impediment will be found at Fort Harris, on the same bank. It is just below the Devil's Elbow, and the river obstructions are natural ones, in the shape of Island No. 40, and an extensive sand-bar, between which the channel of the river is unusually narrow. The true Fort Pillow, the real "Richmond" of the six or more, lies just north of Memphis and commands the river.
To move directly down a stream thus formidably defended and obstructed, would be difficult indeed; but when we reflect that every point referred to, even Memphis itself, is really already taken in flank and rear, and the vast numbers of splendid troops assist and combine with the gunboats in the movements, there can only be a small delay-the issue cannot be doubtful.
Philadelphia Inquirer, April 26, 1862.
26, Mandatory oath of allegiance for public school teachers in Nashville
Our Schools.—It is with profound gratification that we record the adoption of the following resolution, by our City Council:
Resolved, That the Superintendent, together with every teacher in each of the Public Schools in the city of Nashville shall be and they are hereby requested to take the oath of allegiance prescribed to us, within five days from the passage of this resolution, or resign their respective positions.
We thank the Council for their manly and fearless action. Some timid persons may condemn it at present, but ere long they will receive the enthusiastic and unanimous plaudits of a grateful people. The children of the city will no more be exposed to the abominable doctrines of men and women who are traitors to the Government that protects them and pays them. Again, we say, all honor to our City Council!
Nashville Daily Union, April 26, 1862.
26, Irritation at female taunts of Federal officers in Nashville
We are told that a certain class of women, and a very small one, we are glad to say, are in the habit of repeating, whenever an officer passes them on our streets, in very audible tones, "There goes a Lincoln soldier-strap!" We think that a "Lincoln soldier-strap" is quite as respectable as a strap who unsexes herself by overstepping the limits of womanly modesty and self-respect.
Nashville Daily Union, April 26, 1862.
26, Bottles for business; recycling in Civil War Nashville
Notice.—Having lost a large amount of bottles the last year, I am necessarily compelled to call the attention of my customers to the fact that unless each and every customer returns to my drivers the full number of bottles, or their equivalent in cash, and also the corks, I will cease to supply such customers. Every business man in this city is aware that if an article is sold at 40 cents, and that customer destroys 10, 15, or 20 cents worth of bottles out of the 40 cents that is paid for a dozen of spruce beer, it is better not to supply such customers. I am aware there are many who save all my bottles, while there are others who wantonly destroy or give them away. I hope all will take this into consideration, and comply with the above in saving my bottles and corks.
M. McCormack.
Nashville Dispatch, April 26, 1862.
26, Observations on Confederate Fortifications from Fort Wright to Memphis
Down the Mississippi, from Fort Wright to Memphis.
The old story is to be re-enacted; barriers and hindrances, new Gibraltars and impregnable positions, new obstructions, new boastings; to be succeeded by new quests b the Government troops, as they steadily press onward to clear the Mississippi, and open its waters, without hindrance or danger, from Lake Itaska to the Gulf, once more uniting the North and South by the remover of Mr. Bright's geographical objection against disunion.
Fort Wright, called, we believe, Fort Pillow, until that famous General became infamous even in Rebel eyes, lies on the east bank of the Mississippi, upon an eminence, giving it an extensive command. Connected with it, artificial obstructions are placed across Tie River, and swept by the batteries. Just back of the fort is the town of Fulton, and just below it, in the river, Island No. 34. The fort is about eighty miles from Memphis. It has already been attacked, but the exact character of the defence is not yet known. To judge from the names of runs and bens between Fort Wright and Memphis, the river here must bear a particularly diabolical character. Just below Island No. 35 is the "Devil's Race," a sort of crevasse which cuts off the inner projection a bend; and below Island no 37 is the "Devil's Elbow," an ugly and tortuous bend, about twenty miles above Memphis.
Fort Randolph, the second serious obstruction below Fort Wright, and not more than ten miles distant from it by land-the Hatchie river flowing in between-is situated upon high sand bluffs on the east bank, directly parallel to the river. Its guns also sweep artificial obstructions in the cannel of the river. The next impediment will be found at Fort Harris, on the same bank. It is just below the Devil's Elbow, and the river obstructions are natural ones, in the shape of Island No. 40, and an extensive sand-bar, between which the channel of the river is unusually narrow. The true Fort Pillow, the real "Richmond" of the six or more, lies just north of Memphis and commands the river.
To move directly down a stream thus formidably defended and obstructed, would be difficult indeed; but when we reflect that every point referred to, even Memphis itself, is really already taken in flank and rear, and the vast numbers of splendid troops assist and combine with the gunboats in the movements, there can only be a small delay-the issue cannot be doubtful.
Philadelphia Inquirer, April 26, 1862.
26, A Quote from the Nashville Gazette of February 13, 1862
It is said there are still some Union men in Nashville. If it be possible that such WHITE LIVERED scoundrels are really in our midst, out citizens CANNOT BEE [sic] TO VIGILANT IN WATCHING THEIR MOVEMENTS. WATCH them! WATCH them! WATCH them!
Such was the spirit that governed the rebels of Nashville when that city as in their power is now shown toward them. But do they appreciate it?
Louisville Daily Journal, April 26, 1862. [3]
26, Yes or No: A Poetic Rhetorical Admonition and Comparison of Bravery and Cowardice in Memphis
[From the Memphis Appeal].
GO OR STAY?
Will you go! will you go?
Where the foeman's steel is bright,
In the thickest of the fight
For God and for the right,
Will you go! will you go!
Will you stay! will you stay!
And let eternal blame
Mark, with finger point of shame,
Your deep, dishonored name,
Will you stay! will you stay!
Will you go! will you go?
For freedom's struggling cry,
In the name of God, most high,
To rescue her, or die,
Will you go! will you go!
Will you stay! will you stay!
While the coils is tighter bound,
And the tyrant, on our ground
Plants his foot, with dismal sound,
Will you stay! will you stay!
Will you go! will you go!
Where our dying brothers call
As they bleed, and bravely fall,
To free us from this thrall,
Will you go! will you go!
Will you stay! will you stay!
And let the silent grave,
Reproach you for the brave,
Who has died, our land to save!
Will you stay! will you stay!
Will you go! will you go!
The brow of boyhood bared,
With the old and hoary haired,
Have the darkest perils dared,
Will you go! will you go!
Will you stay! will you stay!
Slaves of a tyrant's chain,
Slaves ever to remain,
In dishonor's deepest stain,
Will you stay! will you stay!
Will you go! will you go!
Answer yes, or answer no,
For soon the fatal blow
Will descend for weal or woe,
Will you go! will you go!
Will you stay! will you stay!
Then may eternal gloom,
Draped by the hand of doom,
Forever shroud your tomb,
Can you stay! Can you stay!
ESTELLE
Semi-Weekly Raleigh Register, April 26, 1862.18620505
1863
26, Affair near College Grove[4]
APRIL 26, 1863.-Affair near College Grove, Tenn.
Report of Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.
TRIUNE, April 26, 1863--9.30 p. m.
GEN.: A small scouting party, under Col. [J. P.] Brownlow, had a skirmish with some rebel cavalry a mile south of College Grove this afternoon; 1 officer slightly wounded. It is reported by the citizens in that vicinity that the rebels have moved from Chapel Hill to Riggs' Cross-Roads. I will learn the facts tomorrow.
J. M. SCHOFIELD.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 279.
26, Skirmish at Fort Pillow
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee.
26, Engagement, U. S. N. and Brigadier-General Alfred W. Ellet's Mississippi Marine Brigade at Duck River Island.[5]
Report of Lieutenant-Commander Fitch, U. S. Navy, transmitting report of commanding officer of U. S. S. Emma Duncan regarding engagement at [Duck River Shoals] Green Bottom Bar, Tennessee River.
U. S. GUNBOAT LEXINGTON
Hamburg Landing, April 28, 1863
Sir:
* * * *
[On the morning of the 26th]....I cruised on up leisurely, keeping a good look out for the enemy along the right bank, but saw no signs of them till I arrived at Duck River Shoals, when I heard musketry and artillery a short distance (not a mile) ahead. I pushed on over the bar and met General Ellet's fleet just at the head of the shoals engaging the rebel battery. I was then in good range and at once opened fire on the enemy. There was not room for his boats to round to or to back out of the channel. He was compelled to push on over the bank before he could effect a landing.
I took the battery side and moved on up to cover his boats as much as possible, at the same time raking the bank without heavy guns. The ram Monarch by this time came in range and opened fire also.
As soon as I rounded the point the enemy fired a farewell shot at one of the brigade goats, limbered up and were off. Some few sharpshooters remaining behind fired a few shots at a transport having on board sick and wounded.
Several of the enemy were found dead on the bank, and many more were dragged off in the woods. I should suppose that their loss in killed and wounded is about 25 or 30.
I believe General Ellet lost 2 killed and 1 wounded on his boats, also some horses killed.
About 11 p. m. I left General Ellet at the foot of the bar and proceeded on up the river with his boat and the Emma Duncan to communicate with the fleet above. I arrived at Eastport (Mississippi) in the afternoon of the 27th....
[On the 28th] I...returned to Hamburg....
LeRoy Fitch, Lieutenant Commander
Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pp. 85-86.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Brig. Gen. Alfred W. Ellet, U. S. Army, commanding Mississippi Marine Brigade with itinerary of the command for April, 1863.
No. 2.-Lieut. William F. Warren, Acting Signal Officer.
No. 1.
Report of Brig. Gen. Alfred W. Ellet, U. S. Army, commanding Mississippi Marine Brigade, with itinerary of the command for April, 1863.
CAIRO, ILL., April 30, 1863.
I have the honor to report that, in compliance with instructions received from Admiral Porter, I proceeded with my command up Tennessee River to Eastport, Miss., without interruption from the enemy. Returning in consequence of low water, I made several raids into the country, and destroyed a number of important mills and considerable amount of subsistence and supplies belonging to the enemy. At the mouth of Duck River my boats were attacked by 700 cavalry, with two pieces of artillery, commanded by Maj. [R. M.] White, of Sixth Texas Rangers. The fight was spirited for a few moments only. The enemy were driven back and pursued some 12 miles in the interior, with the loss of Maj. White, mortally wounded and left near the field, and 1 lieutenant and 8 men killed. They carried off a large number of wounded in wagons and on horses. We buried their dead. Our loss was 2 men killed and 1 wounded. The west bank of the Tennessee River was lined with refugees, who have been driven from their homes for love to the old Union. I exhausted my supplies in providing for their necessities.
The Tennessee River is too low for my boats to operate in with safety. My orders from Admiral Porter do not provide for this emergency. I shall hope to receive instructions from the Department.
ALFRED W. ELLET, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. Mississippi Marine Brigade.
Excerpt from the Itinerary of the Mississippi Marine Brigade for April, 1863.
* * * *
On the morning of the 26th, was attacked below the mouth of Duck River by the enemy, 700 strong, commanded by Maj. [R. M.] White, of the Sixth Texas Rangers, with three pieces of artillery. Landed and pursued the enemy 12 miles, killing 10 men, including Maj. White, and wounding many more. The enemy escaped, in consequence of the utter impracticability of effecting a landing at the point of attack. Our loss was 2 men killed and several wounded, only 1 seriously.
* * * *
No. 2.
Report of Lieut. William F. Warren, Acting Signal Officer.
HDQRS. SIGNAL DETACHMENT, MISS. MARINE BRIGADE, Flag-ship Autocrat, April 26, 1863.
CAPT.: I have the honor to report that the signal detachment of the Mississippi Marine Brigade has had an opportunity to test its efficiency and make itself useful, to some extent, in the following manner:
At a few minutes past 8 o'clock this morning, while passing a point on the Tennessee River, a few miles below Duck River, where the direction of the current compelled us to run within 50 yards of the land, our fleet was opened upon by a field battery of four guns and a regiment of cavalry. The Autocrat, being in advance, was the first to receive the fire. The Diana came next, followed by the Adams, each receiving a raking fire at close range, but with very slight casualties. The Autocrat replied instantly with musketry, the Diana and Adams with musketry and field artillery. Our fire becoming too hot for the rebels, they immediately limbered up and fell back in great haste, out of musket range. The general discovering this, ordered me to signal the other boats to land their forces at once. The order was instantly understood, both by J. Q. Adams, on the Diana, and Lieut. Wilson, on the Adams. This order was immediately followed by instructions about the position in which they should land. As a result of this signaling, the troops were ready to march out almost at the instant the landing was made. We have officers on each of the five large boats who are able to read signals quite readily, and I have the honor to say that I am reliably informed that they were all upon the hurricane deck during the engagement, with glasses and equipments, on close lookout for signals. The Diana and Adams were both hotly engaging the enemy at the time their signals were given, and the Adams was receiving the fire of his battery.
Officers and men deserve commendation for their coolness and close attention to duty.
I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. F. WARREN, Lieut. and Acting Signal Officer, Mississippi Marine Brigade.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 278-280.
CORINTH, April 29 [Wed.], 1863--5.30 p. m.[6]
Maj.-Gen. HURLBUT:
Scouts in from Hamburg report that all the gunboats (five) and all transport (nine) left Hamburg at 11 o'clock to-day to descend river, to return no more. The Marine Brigade left last Friday [24th]. Had severe fight at mouth of Duck River. Three gunboats, that came up with the order for Stanley and gunboats to go out, had also encountered light battery, and had fight at same place. [24th]. Dodge took rations of bread and meat; balance of stores were taken back on transports. This leaves river open again. I shall have to communicate with Dodge through country, 50 miles. No other information to-day.
R. J. OGLESBY.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 224, pt. III, p. 247.
26, Letter of Captain Thomas R. Mason to his wife, relative to camp life, local population, and hopes for the end of the war
At Camp, 5 miles from Sparta,
White Co., Tenn., Sunday-April 26th, 1863.
My Dear Wife-
As yet I haven't had an opportunity of sending my letter, so I will write again to let you know how I am getting along (that is if you ever get this). It seems that I will be able to go to the Reg't. [sic] in a few days. Bessy Willis is staying here with me. He was wounded the same time I was. We have been together nearly all the time. They are very clever folks here & treat us well. We have plenty of Books to read & there is an old fiddle here, so we pass off the time as well as circumstances will admit. [sic]
I haven't seen Mon & Dan since the 8th. [sic] of this month, they are with the Reg't. [sic] There is no news going on of any consiquence [sic] & don't know what it means.
There has been no big fight in 4 months, & hope Peace will be made before they fight again. My notion is there wont [sic] be much more fighting done. It is the belief here generally that the war will close out soon. I hope and trust it will, for I do want to come home awful bad. When I do come I want peace to be made, so I will not have to leave you any more. I pray every day for this war to stop, nothing could give me more joy.
Give my love to all & be sure to take a large portion for yourself.
I will write again before I send this.
I did not get to see Guss [sic] when he passed through our camp.
Write when you can. Your affectionate husband.
T. R. Mason
W. P. A. Civil War Records, Vol. 3, p. 185.
26, "River Guerrillas in the West."
The announcement from Cairo a day or two since that Gen Ellet's Marine brigade and Gen. [sic] Fitch's gunboats had cleared the banks of the Cumberland river of guerrillas was followed yesterday by the account of the capture of two steamboats, the Alhambra and the Hope, with valuable cargoes, by the guerrillas on the self-same river. The work of Ellet and Fitch was not so thoroughly done, then, but that it requires immediately to be done over.
So far as the Cumberland river is concerned, a little experience will teach our Western Commanders the impracticability of dislodging guerrillas from its banks so long as a disloyal population remains in the country bordering on the river, and armed bands from the rebel army are able to reach that population and stimulate it with the hope of eventual rebel success. No river in the world is better adapted than the Cumberland to the successful operations of guerrillas. The stream is narrow, and the banks on each side are mostly precipitous, ragged, rocky cliffs, from 75 to 150 feet high. It is the easiest thing for armed men to hide themselves in the glades crowning these cliffs and fire down upon passing boats. To return the fire effectively from boats, with any sort of cannon, is simply impossible; and if pursuit is assayed, a boat fired upon might have to run some miles up or down, before a suitable place to land and emerge from the bluffs could be found. In the meantime, the guerrillas would have ample time to escape.
With the best intentions and the best service it is possible for men to give, it will be found impracticable to suppress the system of guerrilla warfare by attacking it from the water. The disease is in the body politic in the country through which the river runs. It must be purged from the interior before it ceases to break out upon the rivers. And this can only be accomplished by advancing southward the lines of the Union army by successful battles – by strengthening the lines when advanced, and connecting them from Memphis to Nashville, so as to make it impossible for rebel bands to appear among the population of Southern Kentucky and Tennessee, to keep alive their rebel sympathies and excite their hopes of rebel success. When this result can be established, we shall be rid of guerrillas on the Tennessee, Cumberland and Mississippi Rivers – not before.
New York Times, April 26, 1863.
26, Confederate Newspaper Report on the McMinnville Raid
The Raid on McMinnville.
We have conversed with a gentleman just from McMinnville. He represents the outrages of the enemy in that quarter as surpassing any yet perpetrated in Middle Tennessee. His account is substantially as follows:
The enemy appeared on the Northwest side of the town at noon on Monday.—Tidings of his approach had been brought in an hour or two before, allowing the stray cavalrymen, convalescent soldiers and others a chance of escape. There was a company of Provost guardsmen present, who made a stand against the first advance for the purpose of giving our wagons, et cetera, a fair start. After a brisk skirmish of half an hour, overpowering numbers forced this handful of men to disperse. Some escaped and others were captured. There being no further obstacle the Federals proceeded at once to the public square. They were mostly mounted infantry, estimated at between six and ten thousand in number.
Their first business was the destruction of the large Cotton Factory, near the railroad bridge. It is one of the most extensive, and has been also one of the most useful in the South. It was completely destroyed. They then burnt the depot buildings, and adjoining houses, and the bridges across the Barren Fork….
–Chatta. Rebel, 26th.
Weekly Columbus [Georgia] Enquirer, May 5, 1863.[7]
26, The Watuaga bridge incident
Carter's Depot, April 26, 1863.
Editor Register,-This morning at 4 o'clock, A. M. the pickets guarding the trussle-works near the Watauga bridge, was fired on by some one supposed to be a citizen of this vicinity, slightly wounding Serg't Wm. Kineton in the hand.
If our respective commanders will grant permission to Capt. Butler's company to scout this section of country, I warrant we will give them such a drilling that they never will bush whack [sic] another
BULLY RAB GRAB [sic]
Knoxville Daily Register, April 28, 1863.
26, Report on Donations to the Memphis Free Market
Free Market.—This valuable institution is pursuing, with undeviating regularity, its work of benevolence, dispensing the necessaries of life to the families of soldiers. The president of the society, F. Lane, Esq., is indefatigable in his attention to his important duties. We are indebted to H. B. Chiles, Esq., for the following account of the business done in the "free market" yesterday:
Number of persons furnished with provisions, 500; 1300 pounds flour; 30 bushels corn meal; 700 pounds sugar; 700 do bacon; 70 do soap; 3½ bushels salt; 25 do potatoes; 20 do peas; 25 gallons molasses.
Memphis Daily Appeal, April 26, 1862
ca. 26, Shooting at the Worsham House, Memphis
A SHOOTING AFFRAY. – A few days since Alexander Nutall, who kept a gambling house on Jefferson street, was shot by Mike Lyons, at the Worsham House, under the following circumstances: It seems that Lyons and Nutall have been enemies for some time, and ever time they saw each other it was increased by one or the other making some remark. In the morning of the day of the affray took place, Nutall swore he would shoot Lyons at sight; in the evening they both met at the Worsham House and after having a few words Lyons fired, the ball taking effect in Nutall's body, from the wound of which he has since died. After he received the fatal wound, he rose and taking aim at Lyons discharged his pistol, but his hand was too unsteady, as the charge went harmlessly by. Lyons gave himself into the hands of the civil authorities and has since been discharged. Nutall was one of the many dangerous characters with which this city is now infested. It is said he was always ready for a quarrel and had shot three men.
Memphis Bulletin, April 28, 1863.
26-May 3, Streight's Raid begins at Palmyra
No circumstantial reports filed.[8]
1864
26, Education of the freedman; an entry in Alice Williamson's Diary, Sumner County
Weather beautiful. Yanks behaving like human beings [sic] with a few exceptions. Today a Yankee officer made his appearance in the school room accompanied by a Northern being whom I supposed to be a man, as he was not a gentleman; he came to look at the church saying that he was president of a school and six of his assistants had just arrived and was going to teach the "freedmen." He says he will have 3 or 400 scholars and will need the largest house in town. What a learned city-or rather yankee nest-this will be. I suppose some of us citizens will get a situation as assistant teacher in the "Freedmens [sic] University."
Williamson Diary.
26, GENERAL ORDERS, No. 10 relative to Federal camps of instruction near Nashville and new disciplinary and travel policies
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 10. HDQRS. MIL. DIV. OF THE MISSISSIPPI, Nashville, Tenn., April 26, 1864.
I. There will be established, at or near Nashville, one or more camps of instruction, in which will be collected all regiments arriving from the rear which are not assigned to any one of the departments or armies in the field, all detachments or individuals who have got astray from their commands, and all convalescents discharged from hospitals. These camps will be under the general supervision of the commanding officer of the District of Nashville, who will assign to each a general officer, who will be instructed to organize and equip for service all such regiments and detachments and subject them to a thorough system of instruction in the drill and guard duties.
II. All officers, regiments, and detachments belonging to any of the established departments will, without further orders, be sent with dispatch to their proper posts; but such as are not thus provided for will be held in reserve at Nashville to re-enforce any part of the lines of communication to the front, and subject to orders from these headquarters.
III. Soldiers' homes are merely designed for the accommodation of men in transitu; and when delayed from any cause, the men will be sent to the camp of instruction. Officers and men also in and about Nashville awaiting orders will be sent to the camp of instruction.
IV. Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz is assigned to the command of one of these camps, and will report to Maj.-Gen. Rousseau for further instructions.
V. Patrols will, from time to time, be sent to collect men and officers who are in Nashville without proper authority. All who are not in possession of written orders that warrant their presence in Nashville will be arrested and taken to the camp of instruction, where they will be put on duty till forwarded, under guard or otherwise, to their proper posts.
VI. In time of war leaves of absence can only be granted, and that for limited periods, by commanders of separate armies or departments. Subordinate commanders cannot send officers or men away without such sanction; and therefore the numerous shifts of that kind will be treated as void.
VII. Staff departments, on proper requisitions approved by Gen. Rousseau, will issue the provisions, camp and garrison equipage, arms, and accouterments necessary to carry into effect these orders.
By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman:
R. M. SAWYER, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 505.
26, GENERAL ORDERS, No. 6, relative to changes in flag insignia and unit designations for the Army of the Cumberland
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 62 HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND, Chattanooga, Tenn., April 26, 1864.
I. General Orders, No. 91, series of 1863, is hereby rescinded. The flags hereinafter described will be used to designate the headquarters of the department, corps, divisions, and brigades named in this order.
Hdqrs. of the department: The national flag, 5 feet square, embroidered spread eagle in the field, lower part of the eagle resting upon the lower edge of the field, with the stars of the Union arranged above.
Hdqrs. Fourth Army Corps: Silk with yellow fringe, or bunting, red with blue field; size of field 2 feet square, same size as for department headquarters, with gilt or embroidered eagle in the field.
First Division, Fourth Army Corps: The flag of the corps, without fringe or the eagle in the field; size of field the same as the flag of the corps; of bunting with white bar, 3 inches wide, running from right-hand upper corner of field to left-hand lower corner.
Second Division, Fourth Army Corps: The same as for the First Division, with the addition of a white bar, 3 inches wide, running from left-hand upper corner to right-hand lower corner, forming cross with the first.
Third Division, Fourth Army Corps: Same as for Second Division, with a addition of a third white bar, 3 inches wide, running parallel to staff through center of field.
All brigade flags to be forked; distance from staff to angle of the fork, 3 feet; size of flag otherwise, same as for divisions, with same colors, with division bars in the field.
First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps, with addition of one white star, midway between center of lower edge of field and lower edge of flag.
Second Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps: The same as for the First Brigade, except that there will be two white stars, arranged equidistant from each other and center of lower edge of field and lower edge of flag, on a line parallel to the staff.
Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps: The same as for the First Brigade, except that there will be three white stars, arranged as described for the Second Brigade.
Flags for headquarters of the brigades of the Second and Third Divisions: Same as for the first, with the exception of the distinguishing bars of the divisions in the field.
Hdqrs. Fourteenth Army Corps: Silk with yellow fringe, or bunting; same size as for department headquarters; blue with red field; size of field, 2 feet square; gilt or embroidered eagle in field.
Hdqrs. First, Second, and Third Divisions, Fourteenth Army Corps: Blue flags, with red field, with same distinguishing marks as the corresponding divisions of the Fourth Corps.
Flags for the headquarters of the brigades of the Fourteenth Army Corps: Same as for the corresponding brigades of the Fourth Corps, with the exception of the colors, which will be those described for the Fourteenth Army Corps.
Hdqrs. Twentieth Army Corps: Blue swallow-tailed flag, white Tunic cross in center, with he numerals "20" in red in center of the cross.
The division flags of this corps will be 6 feet square.
First Division: Red star on white flag.
Second Division: White star on blue flag.
Third Division: Blue star on white flag.
Fourth Division: Green star on red flag.
The flags for the brigades of the respective divisions will be in the shape of an equilateral triangle (each side 6 feet in length), similar in color and device to the division flags.
The flag of the First Brigade will be without border.
That of the Second Brigade have border same color as star, 6 inches wide, down the staff.
That of the Third Brigade a border 6 inches wide all around the flag.
Hdqrs. cavalry command: Red, white, and blue flag, 6 feet by 4; stripes vertical, red outermost, with cross sabers yellow, the hilt and point of sabers extending over one-half of red and blue stripes. Staff portable, 14 feet long, and in two joints. Yellow silk fringe around the flag, 4 inches wide.
First Division: White flag, 6 feet by 4, with cross sabers red, figure (1) blue.
First Brigade: White triangle, cross sabers red, figure (1) blue.
Second Brigade: White triangle; blue border on staff, 6 inches wide; cross sabers red; figure (2) blue.
Third Brigade: White triangle; blue border around flag, 4 inches wide; cross sabers red; figure (3) blue.
Second Division: Blue flag, 6 feet by 4; cross sabers white; figure (2) red.
First Brigade: Blue triangle; cross sabers white; figure (1) red.
Second Brigade: Blue triangle; cross sabers white; red border on staff, 6 inches wide; figure (2) red.
Third Brigade: Blue triangle; cross sabers white; red border, 4 inches wide around flag; figure (3) red. Third Division: White flag, 6 feet by 4; cross sabers blue; figure (3) red.
First Brigade: White triangle; cross sabers blue; figure (1) red.
Second Brigade: White triangle; cross sabers blue; red border on staff, 6 inches wide; figure (2) red.
Third Brigade: White triangle; cross sabers blue; red border, 4 inches wide, around flag; figure (3) red.
Fourth Division: White flag, 6 feet by 4; cross sabers blue; figure (4) red; yellow border around flag, 9 inches wide.
First Brigade: White triangle; cross sabers red; figure (1) blue; yellow border around flag, width 4 inches.
Second Brigade: Blue triangle; cross sabers blue; figure (2) red; yellow border around flag, width 4 inches.
Third Brigade: White triangle; cross sabers blue; figure (3) red; yellow border around flag, width 4 inches.
Figures in center of sabers; points of sabers up.
Cross sabers in corps and division flags, 4 ½ feet long, 3 inches wide; in brigade flags, 2 ½ feet long, 1 1/4 inches wide.
Cavalry headquarters flag will be made of silk; division and brigade, of bunting.
Brigade flags will be 4 feet on staff and 6 feet on sides.
Engineer Brigade: A white and blue flag, blue uppermost and running horizontally, 6 feet by 4.
Pioneer Brigade: A blue, white, and blue flag, running vertically; crossed axes in engineer wreath on one side and spread eagle on the other.
Hospital and ambulance flags: Same as prescribed by General Orders, No. 9, current series, War Department.
Subsistence depots and store-houses: A plain light-green flag, 3 feet square.
Quartermaster depots and store-houses: Same flag, with letters "Q. M. D." in white, 1 foot long.
Ordnance department, general headquarters: A bright-green flag, 3 feet square, with two crossed cannon in white, set diagonally in a square of 3 feet, with a circular ribbon of 6 inches wide and 3 feet greatest diameter (or diameter of inner circle 2 feet), with the letters "U. S. Ordnance Department" in black, 4 inches long, on ribbon, and a streamer above flag, 1 foot on staff by 4 feet long, crimson color, with words "Chief of Ordnance" in black, 6 inches long.
Division ordnance: Same flag, with cannon and ribbon, but no streamer.
II. For the purpose of ready recognition of the members of the corps and divisions of this army, and to prevent injustice by reports of straggling and misconduct through mistakes as to organizations, the following-described badges will be worn by the officers and enlisted men of all the regiments of the corps mentioned. They will be made either of cloth or metal, after the patterns deposited in the office of the assistant adjutant-general, at department headquarters, and will be securely fastened upon the center of the top of the cap, or upon the left-hand side of the hat when that is worn:
For the Fourth Corps: An equilateral triangle, red for First Division, white for Second Division, blue for Third Division.
For the Fourteenth Corps: An acorn, red for First Division, white for Second Division, and blue for Third Division.
For the Twentieth Corps: A star, as heretofore worn by the Twelfth Corps.
Pioneer Brigade: Crossed hatches, as prescribed by paragraph 1585, Revised Army Regulations, edition of 1863.
The chief quartermaster of the department will furnish the cloth from which to make the badges, upon proper requisitions, and officers of the inspector-general's department of this army will see that they are worn as directed.
By command of Maj.-Gen. Thomas:
WM. D. WHIPPLE, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, pp. 506-508.
26, Skirmish across the Watauga River, above Greeneville and partial destruction of bridge by Confederates and Federals
BULL'S GAP, April 27, 1864.
Gen. SCHOFIELD:
Gen. Manson was 8 miles above Greeneville last night; says he will reach Lick Creek to-night. The enemy were strongly posted at Watauga, but partially destroyed the bridge themselves. River too high to ford. Our troops skirmished across the river but could not accomplish the entire destruction of the bridge. We lost 3 killed and 18 wounded. Manson has destroyed all bridges from Jonesborough to where he is, and fully one-third of the track, as he reports. I send remainder of the Tennessee regiment and part of the One hundred and fourth Ohio by this train, and remainder of the last by next train if the cavalry get here to make some guard for to-night. The One hundredth Ohio is marching.
J. D. COX, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 512.
26, Smuggling near Memphis
The Memphis Bulletin of the 26th ult. says: "Notwithstanding the risks run, smuggling from this city through the lines to the enemy is carried on extensively. Gen. Grierson's cavalry patrol has, of late been very successful in picking up offenders. On Sunday night, a wagon was met with eight miles out on the Germantown road. Among other matters, was found a barrel, apparently of flour, its principal contents hid among the flour, was forty yards of grey cloth, two bolts of shirting, ten gallons of whisky, a lot of percussion caps, and other articles. The driver offered the boys five hundred dollars in greenbacks for permission to go, but the boys knew their duty too well to be bribed, but owing to the darkness and rain, he contrived to escape before the city was reached."
Nashville Dispatch, May 3, 1864.
26, Capture of a Guerilla Leader near Cumberland Gap, Drestruction of Railroad Track
~ ~ ~
April 26th 1864 [Bulls Gap?]
We have just got in from a tramp and I feel pretty tired but I must answer mother's good letter rec'd last Friday, a few minutes before I went on picket. Next evening when I came off picket I was detailed to go with a scouting party. Returned next day and started on another scout next morning…
Our first scout was up the Rogersville R.R. for the purpose of capturing guerilla Capt. and his band of 50 men. Our squad (70 in number) left camp after sunset and marched about 15 miles, almost without halting. Reached our destination by midnight and laid in ambush until daylight when we were very much disappointed to find that our birds had flown a few hours before our arrival. We returned to camp that day and had orders to prepare for a march next day with 2 days rations and blankets, leaving our camp standing. Reveille sounded at 3 ½ a.m. and we were on the road soon after daylight. We had no idea where we were going till we came to the R.R. bridge over Lick Creek which the rebels had partially destroyed when they left here. We completed the destruction and then went to work to tear up the track beyond. We worked hard yesterday and today till noon. Burning all the bridges and ties heating and twisting the iron so as to render it entirely useless. We destroyed 10 or 12 miles so that I hardly think the Confederacy will ever rebuild it. This operation will effectually cut off retreat from Richmond in this direction. I think we will fall back to Knoxville, maybe to Chattanooga in a short time, as this section isn't worth holding and it keeps such a long line of R.R. to guard….
Bentley Letters.
1865
26, Capitulation of the Army of Tennessee near Durham, N. C.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 47, pt. III, pp. 312-315.
26, Anti-guerrilla mopping up initiative on East Bank of Holston River
HDQRS. DISTRICT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, Tenn., April 26, 1865.
Col. J. H. PARSONS, Cmdg. Ninth Tennessee Cavalry:
SIR: If the Rogersville Branch Railroad is in such condition as to enable you to procure supplies at its terminus, I wish you to move with your whole regiment to the east bank of the Holston River. Arrived there, you will leave all your impediments on the east side, and with the mounted portion of your regiment you will cross the river and thoroughly scour and clear of guerrilla and other bands of outlaws all that portion of East Tennessee and Southwestern Virginia lying between the Holston River on the east and the Cumberland Mountains on the west. In the performance of this duty you are authorized and instructed to use the utmost vigorous and severe measures. The persons with whom you have to deal are outlaws so long as they are at liberty, and as such should be treated. When taken prisoners they must be treated as prisoners, and are entitled to trial, which takes time and entails trouble and expense. Give them to understand that no false mercy will be shown them and no prisoners taken, and that every man found in arms under whatever pretense, and acting without authority from Federal officers or the legally constituted authorities of the State of Tennessee, will be treated as a public enemy and an outlaw and killed like a mad dog by any one who meets him. [emphasis added] See that your command does not interfere in any way, either in their persons or their property, with the peaceably disposed, and with those who stay at home and mind their own business. In case the railroad is not in running order to the Holston River you will make your depot camp at or near the Rogersville Junction, from which point you will draw your supplies. You will give all the aid and assistance in your power to all civil officers in the execution of their functions, and urge upon the people the necessity of re-establishing civil authority and the supremacy of State laws as soon as possible, and before the U. S. forces are disbanded or withdrawn from this section of the country. Make me, either by courier or telegraph, a daily report of your operations.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, &c.,
GEORGE STONEMAN, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 49, pt. II, pp. 475-476.
[1] It is not known what an entire Confederate regiment had done to warrant being identified as "disloyal." The OR offers no further information.
[2] As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu/vbetts.
[3] As cited in PQCW.
[4] Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee places the date at April 25; OR places the date at April 24 (Ser. 1, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 272), OR General Index places the event at April 26 (OR Index, Vol. 1, p. 190). To add to the uncertainty is the fact that Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee names the location "Cotton Grove." Nathan Bedford Forrest's troops traveled to and through Cotton Grove in West Tennessee in August, 1863 (see: Ser. I, Vol. 52, p. 109). Additionally, while the editors of the OR called this event an "affair," Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield here clearly calls it a "skirmish," further adding to the ambiguity of these military terms during the Civil War.
[5] Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee refers to this incident as an action. This engagement was between the 6th Texas Rangers (cavalry), at Duck River Island, [a.k.a. Little Rock Landing], west of the mouth of the Duck River, on the Tennessee River. After the Texans fired a few cannon bursts and rifle volleys at the Navy boats, the Marine Brigade landed and scattered the Texans into the surrounding marshland. The use of such amphibious tactics was both relatively new as well as rare and was repeated on the Tennessee River during the war
[6] As the following correspondence indicates, there is some inconsistency concerning the actual date of the fight at the mouth of the Duck River, although since the naval forces were closer to the action than Major-General Hurlbut it seems safest to conclude the fight took place on the 26th, not the 24th.
[7]As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu/vbetts.
[8]Not listed in Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee. It was here that Streight's forces gathered horses and mules for the ill fated Union mission. All action took place in Alabama.
James B. Jones, Jr.
Public Historian
Editor, The Courier
Tennessee Historical Commission
2941 Lebanon Road
Nashville, TN 37214
(615)-770-1090
(615)-532-1549 FAX
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