29, Andrew Johnson's order to arrest Nashville Mayor Richard B. Cheatham [see March 25, 1862, Military Governor Andrew Johnson demands Nashville City Council members take the oath of allegiance to the United States and above March, 27, 1862, Reply from the Nashville City Council to Military Governor Johnson above]
March 29, 1862
State of Tennessee,
To Col Stanley Matthews, Provost Marshal &c.
It being made known to me by Richard B. Cheatham, Mayor of the City of Nashville, that he refuses to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, and to acknowledge his loyalty and fidelity to the government thereof; and it further appearing that since he has held the said office, he has uttered treasonable and seditious language against the authority thereof, and that he has given counsel and furnished aid and extended comfort to the enemies thereof, in this, among other things, that he has proposed to invite to this City for a permanent official residence one Jefferson Davis, engaged as the acknowledged head of an organized rebellion and laboring for the overthrow of the government thereof"
You are hereby commanded and empowered to arrest the body of him the said Richard B. Cheatham,[1] and the same to hold in custody until he shall be discharged by proper authority.
Given under the hand and seal of Andrew Johnson Military Governor of the State of Tennessee this twenty-ninth day of March A.D. 1862[.]
Andrew Johnson, Military Governor
Papers of Andrew Johnson, Vol. 5, p. 253.
29, Excerpt from a Chicago Tribune story relative to Union sentiment in Purdy, Savannah
Purdy Court-House is now full of Union men of that lace. The latter are fearful of having their houses and all their property destroyed. Squads of rebel soldiers are already seizing all their provisions and everything that can be of use to the army. Owners of cotton are particularly alarmed. For their benefit all the transports returning to Paducah are ordered to take down any cotton that may be brought to the river bank east of Corinth. A man named Morris, one of the Jessie Scouts, was hung at Savannah on Sunday for horse stealing, and other depredations, from private citizens thereabout.
Chicago Times, March 31, 1862[2]
29, Military Governor Andrew Johnson's assessment of the defenses of Nashville
NASHVILLE, March 29, 1862.
Hon. E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
This place, as I conceived, has almost been left defenseless by Gen. Buell. There are a few regiments left in detached positions without on single piece of artillery. There are one or two regiments at Camp Chase, Ohio, and one at Lexington, Ky., that might be forwarded to this point. In addition to the forces here there should be one brigade complete. In this opinion Brig.-Gen. Dumont, left in command, most fully concurs.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 10, p. 76.
29, The New York World's observations on the women of Nashville
The Ladies of Nashville.
All the correspondents of the Northern press, writing from Nashville, credit the ladies of that city with demonstrating the most ultra southern sentiments. There seems to be no misunderstanding their political proclivities. Here is what the correspondent of the New York World thinks of them:
["] While I am on the subject of manners and deportment, I will occupy a paragraph with the she-cessionists of this city. They are our most rancorous and rantankerous opponents. To be sure, they do not rush into the streets and fall upon our troops with broomsticks and bodkins, but they do fall upon them in doors with a weapon of which they have long been expert mistresses. Such an exhibition of acerbity, vengeance and venom I have never seen exceeded. Countenances that have heretofore belonged to the softest of the softer sex, seem now to have become the property of very vixens. These amiables gnash upon us with their teeth. They breathe out threatenings and slaughter against us. Their eyes—blue, black, or grey—ordinarily captivating from their languid luster, are transformed into balls of fire, and emit sparks that smarten the spot they fall on. Mouths, usually slow, simpering and sweet of speech, now chatter away with the most energetic animosity.
The older females share the spirit of the sulkier sex, and move like hoopless specters about their dark and dismal residences. I called upon one of them with a greeting and message from her sister in Illinois, from whom she had long been blockaded. I presented them to her. [Silence.]; I observed that it was a fine day. She said it was. I did not ask her to be seated. I did not send any word by her to her sister in Illinois. I bid her good afternoon. She did the same to me.
I shall make no further attempts at describing the condition of this people. It exceeds description. Suffice it to say that the citizens of Nashville are in what Lindley Murray would call the indicative mood, and blue perfect tense. I must not fail to say, however, before leaving my lampoon of the ladies, that all of them are not of this unnatural pattern. No, no; the blessing of our wounded ones here upon female philanthropy would rebuke the discrepancy. The hospitals are abundant in the charity and attention of women. Among them is the venerable Mrs. James K. Polk. ["]
On the same subject the Dayton (O.) Journal publishes, by permission, the following, from a private letter from Lieut. R. W. Lowe, of the 19th, United States army, dated Nashville, March 9th. Lieut. Lowe says:
["] Everything is dead in Nashville, and the people are very bitter. Most of the men have long since left, but the women are as mean and impudent as possible. Whenever they pass a soldier on the street, they twist their pretty faces into all imaginable shapes to express their intense disgust, and if you get into conversation with them, they will wish you all manner of evil, and abuse you without mercy. Even at church, this morning, they turned up their noses disdainfully at my shoulder-straps and brass buttons. One young miss in the choir expressed herself by displaying a miniature secession flag. It will take a long time to win these people back, but I firmly believe that fraternal feelings will one day be restored.["];
Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1862.
29, News from Tennessee
From Tennessee.
One of the best indications of the Union sentiment of portions of Tennessee is the enlistment of about six thousand men recently in the Union army at Savannah.
A portion of our army occupied Columbia on Sunday night, and captured there a company so Scott's Louisiana cavalry. It was also reported that the Union troops had taken possession of Tuscumbia and Iuka. This would give them important positions on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad.
Our forces have entire possession of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad in the vicinity of Savannah.
By way of Louisville, March 27, we learn that Colonel Willich's regiment of Indiana troops occupy Columbia, Tennessee.
A courier had reported that our troops, 1,600 to 6,000 strong, were twenty-five miles from Knoxville and advancing.
(Egg Harbor, New Jersey) Atlantic Democrat, March 29, 1863.
29, Criminal Activity in Confederate Memphis
A DESPERATE CHARACTER-POLICEMAN SHOT. We stated several times just before martial law was proclaimed that many bad and desperate men, driven from Richmond by martial law, from Nashville by its surrender to the enemy, and from New Orleans by the strict enforcement of the militia law, had taken refuge in Memphis. Among them was a company of ten or twelve of the most complete villains of New Orleans, to which band is attributed most of the highway robberies that have occurred in the city of late, and it is believed by the police that among this gang was a man who murdered the cigar dealer Honuewald, on Jefferson street. Mellvoy, whose pranks in the city and mutiny in camp-after having joined Capt. Bryan's company to avoid imprisonment in jail-we have already chronicled,[3] was one of this gang. Another one of them was a man whose character embraces all we understand by the work desperate-reckless, unscrupulous, and blood-thirsty. He has been arrested a time or two by our police as a vagrant, and fined fifty dollars and sentenced to jail for sixty days. He was sometimes known by the name of John Williams, sometimes by that of John Smith. To escape the term of imprisonment he volunteered into Capt. May's company, but after being in camp a single day he deserted.
The police of the city were instructed to apprehend him, and on Thursday night officers Fleming and Hume found him on Gayoso street, and were about to take him into custody when he made a blow at officer Fleming, cutting him, but not seriously, on the nose; he ten drew a revolver, and shot at the officers three times without hitting them, and made good his escape. Strict search was made for him during the night and all yesterday. Lieut. Morrison, with several policemen, endeavored to find his hiding place in vain. Last evening officers O'Brien, Ryan, Brannan and Madden were detailed to watch a house of ill-fame on Winchester street, kept by Madame Miller. At 7 o'clock he was seen approaching, when Ryan endeavored to take him. He immediately drew a pistol and fired at him. The whole of the officers then approached him, when he fired three times more. One of the bullets struck Officer O'Brien in the right arm, breading the small bone below the elbow, but doing no fatal injury. He then ran off, pursued by the other policemen, trying to escape by the alley. Brannan ran forward towards the jail, and there headed Williams; he met him as he was running, and by a well directed blow of his mace, knocked him down. He was then placed in jail, and will be brought before the Provost Marshal for examination. Williams being a soldier, and the wounded policeman being on the Provost Marshal's service, he will probably be dealt with by martial law.
Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1862. [4]
29, The Feminine side of Nashville
The Ladies of Nashville.
All the correspondents of the Northern press, writing from Nashville, credit the ladies of that city with demonstrating the most ultra southern sentiments. There seems to be no misunderstanding their political proclivities. Here is what the correspondent of the New York World thinks of them:
["]While I among on the subject of manners and deportment, I will occupy a paragraph with the she-ces [sic] [illegible] of the city. They are our most rancorous and cantankerous opponents. To be sure, they do not rush into the streets and fall upon our troops with broomsticks and bodkins, but they do fall upon them in doors with a weapon of which they have long been expert mistresses. Such an exhibition of acerbity, vengeance and venom I have never seen exceeded. Countenances that have heretofore belonged to the softest of the other sex, now seem to have become the property of very vixens. These amiables gnash upon us with their teeth. They breathe out threatening and slaughter against us. Their white satin cheeks are crimson with color. Their eyes-blue, black, or grey-ordinarily captivating from their languid luster, are transformed into galls of fire, and emit sparks that smarten [?] the spot they fall on. Mouths, usually slow, simpering and sweet of speech, now clatter away with the most energetic animosity.
The older families share the spirit of the sulkier sex, and move like hoopless specters about their dark and dismal residences. I called upon one of them with a greeting and message from her sister in Illinois, from whom she had been long blockaded. I presented them to her. [Silence.] I observed that it was a fine day. She said it was. I did not ask her to be seated. I did not send any word by her to her sister in Illinois. I bid her good afternoon. She did the same to me.
I shall make no further attempts at describing the condition of this people. It exceeds description. Suffice it to say that the citizens of Nashville are what Lindley Murray[5] would call the indicative mood and blue perfect tense. I must not fail to say, however, before leaving my lampoon of the ladies, that all of them are not of this unnatural pattern. No, no; the blessing our wounded ones here upon female philanthropy would rebuke the discrepancy. The hospitals are abundant in the charity and attention of women. Among them is the venerable Mrs. James K. Polk.["]
On the same subject the Dayton (O.) Journal publishes, by permission, the following, from a private letter from Lieut. R. W. Lowe, of the 19th, United States army, dated Nashville, March 9th. Lieut. Lowe says:
["]Everything is dead in Nashville, and the people are very bitter. Most of the men have long since left, but the women are as mean and impudent as possible. Whenever they pass a soldier on the street, they; twist their pretty faces into all imaginable shapes to express their intense disgust, and if you get into conversation with them, they will wish you all manner of evil, and abuse you without mercy. Even at church, this morning, they turned up their noses disdainfully at my shoulder straps and brass buttons. One young miss in the choir expressed herself by displaying a miniature secession flag. It will take a long time to win these people back, but firmly believe that fraternal feelings will one day be restored.["]
Memphis Daily Appeal, March 29, 1862. [6]
29, Patriotism Rewarded: Civil War Fiction Set in Tennessee
THE TENNESSEE BLACKSMITH.
Near the cross-roads, not far from the Cumberland mountains, stood the village forge. The smith was a study man of fifty. He was respected wherever known for his stern integrity. He served God, and did not fear man-and, it might be safely added, nor the devil either. His courage was proverbial in the neighborhood, and it was a common remark, when wishing to pay any one a high compliment, to say, "He is a brave as old Bradley."
One night toward the close of September, as he stood alone by the anvil, "plying his vocation" his countenance evinced a peculiar satisfaction as he brought his hammer down with a gorgeous stroke on the heated iron. While blowing the bellows he would occasionally pause and shake his head, as if communication with himself He was evidently meditating upon something of a serious nature. It was during one of these pauses that the door was thrown open, and a pale trembling figure staggered into the shop, and sinking at the smith's feet, faintly ejaculated:
"In the name of Jesus, protect me!"
As Bradley stooped to raise the prostrate form, three men entered-the foremost one exclaiming:
"We've treed him at last! There he is- seize him!" and, as he spoke, he pointed at the crouching figure.
The others advanced to obey the order, but Bradley suddenly arose, seized the sledge hammer, and, brandishing it about his head as if it were a sword, exclaimed:
"Back! Touch him not, or, by the grace of God I'll brain ye!"
They hesitated and stepped backward, not wishing to encounter the sturdy smith, for his countenance plainly told them that he meant what he said.
"Do you give shelter to an abolitionist?" fiercely shouted the leader.
"I give shelter to a weak, defenceless man," replied the smith.
"He is an enemy!" vociferated the leader.
"Of the devil!" ejaculated Bradley.
"He is a spy! And abolitionist hound" exclaimed the leader, with increased vehemence "and we must have him. So I tell you, Bradley, you had better not interfere. You know that you are already suspected, and to insist on sheltering him will certainly confirm it."
"Suspected? Suspected of what?" exclaimed the smith, in a firm tone, riveting his gaze upon the speaker.
"Why, of adhering to the North," was the reply.
"Adhering to the North?" as he cast his defiant glances at the speaker.
"I adhere to no North!" he continued, "I adhere to my country-my whole country- and will do so, so help me God! As long as I have breath," he added, as he brought the ponderous sledge-hammer to the ground with great force.
"You had much better let us have him, Bradley, without any further trouble. You are only risking your life by your interference."
"Not so long as I have life to defend him!" was the answer. Then, pointing towards the door, he again raised his sledge hammer.
They hesitated a moment, but the firm demeanor of the smith awed them in compliance with the order.
"You'll regret this in the morning, Bradley" said the leader as he retreated.
"Go!" was the reply of the smith, as he pointed to the door.
Bradley followed them menacingly to the entrance to the shop, and watched them until they disappeared from sight down the road. When he turned to go back into the shop, he was met by the fugitive, who grasping his hand, exclaimed:
"Oh! How shall I ever be able to thank you Mr. Bradley?"
"There is no time for thanks, Mr. Peters, unless it is to the Lord: you must fly to the country at once."
"But my wife and children?"
"Mattie and I will attend to them, but you must go tonight."
"Tonight?"
"Yes, in the morning-if not sooner-they will return with a large force and carry you off, and probably hang you on the first tree. You must leave to night."
"But how?"
"Mattie will conduct you to the rendezvous of our friends. There is already a party made up who intend to cross the mountains and join the Union forces in Kentucky. They were to start to night. They have provisions for the journey, and will gladly share with you."
At this moment a young girl entered the shop, and hurriedly said:
"Dear father, what is the trouble to night? Her eye resting on the fugitive, she approached him, and in a sympathizing look continued: "Ah, Mr. Peters, has your turn come, then, so soon?"
This was Mattie. She was a fine rosy girl, just past her eighteenth birthday, and the sole daughter of Bradley's home and heart. She was his all-his wife had been dead five years. He turned toward her, and is a mild but firm tone said:
"Mattie, you must conduct Mr. Peters to the rendezvous immediately- then we will call at the parsonage to cheer his family-Quick!- no time is to be lost. The bloodhounds are upon the track. They have scented their prey, and will not rest until they have secured him. They may return much sooner than we expect. So hasten, daughter, and God bless ye!"
This was not the first time that Mattie had been called upon to perform such an office. She had safely conducted several Union men, who had been hunted from their homes and sought shelter with her father, to the place designated, from whence the made their escape across the mountains into Kentucky. Turning to the fugitive, she said:
"Come, Mr. Peters-do not stand upon ceremony, but follow me."
She left the shop and proceeded but a short distance up the road, and there turned off in a bridle through a strip of woods closely followed by the fugitive.
A brisk walk of half an hour brought them to a small house that stood alone in a secluded spot. Here Mattie was received with a warm welcome by several men, some of whom were engaged in running bullets, while others were cleaning their rifles and fowling-pieces. The lady of the house-a hale woman of forty-was busy stuffing the wallets of the men with biscuits. She greeted Mattie very kindly. The fugitive, who was known by two of three of the party, was received in a bluff spirit of kindness by all, saying that they would make him chaplain of the Tennessee regiment when they got to Kentucky.
When Mattie was about to return home, two of the party prepared to accompany her, but she protested-warning them of the danger, as the enemy was doubtless abroad in search of the minister. But, notwithstanding, they insisted and accompanied her until she reached to road a short distance to her father's shop.
Mattie hurried on, but was somewhat surprised, upon reaching the shop, to find it vacant. She hastened into the house but her father was not there. As she returned to the shop she thought she could hear the noise of horses' hoofs clattering down the road. She listened, but the sound died away. Going into the shop she blew the fire into a blaze-then beheld that the things were in great confusion and that spots of blood were on the ground.
She was now convinced that her father had been seized and carried off but not without a desperate struggle on his part.
As Mattie stood gazing at the pools of blood, a wagon, containing two persons, drove on-one of whom, as athletic young man of five and twenty years, got out and entered the shop.
"Good evening, Mattie! Where is your father?" he said.
Then, observing the demeanor of the girl, he continued:
"Why, Mattie, what ails you? What has happened?"
The young girl's heart was too full for her tongue to give utterance, and, throwing herself upon the shoulder of the young man, she sobbed bitterly [and] exclaimed:
"They have carried him off. Don't you see the blood?"
"Have they dared to lay hands upon your father? The infernal wretches!"
Mattie recovered herself sufficiently to narrate the events of the evening. When she had finished he exclaimed:
"Oh that I have lived to see the day old Tennessee was to be thus disgraced." "Here, Joe!"
At this, the other person in the wagon alighted and entered the shop. He was a stalwart negro.
"Joe," said the young man, "you would like your freedom?"
"Well, Massa John, I wouldn't like very much to leabe you; but den I'se like to be a free man."
"Joe, the white race have maintained their liberty by their valor. Are you willing to fight for yours?-aye, fight to the death?"
"I'se fight hard for youns any time, Massa John."
"I believe you, Joe. But I have desperate work on hand to-night, and I do not want you to engage in it without at least a prospect of reward. If I succeed, I will make you a free man. It is a matter of life and death-will you go?
"I will Massa."
"Then kneel down and swear before the ever-living God that, if you falter or shrink [from] the danger you may hereafter be assigned to eternal fire!"
"I swear, Massa!" said the negro kneeling. "An' I hopes that der A'mighty may strike me dead if I don't go wid you through fire and water, and everything."
"I am satisfied, Joe," said the master.
Then turning to the young girl, who had been a mute spectator of this singular scene he continued:
"Now, Mattie, you get in the wagon, and I'll drive down to the parsonage, and remain there with Mrs. Peters and the children until I bring you some intelligence of your father."
While the sturdy blacksmith was awaiting the return of his daughter, the party that he had repulsed returned with increased numbers and demanded the minister.-A fierce quarrel ensued, which resulted in their seizing the smith and carrying him off. They conveyed him to a tavern half a mile distant from the shop, and he was arraigned before what was termed a vigilance committee. The committee met in a long room on the ground floor, dimly lighted by a lamp which stood upon a small table in front of the chairman. In about half an hour after Bradley's arrival, he was placed before the chairman for examination. The old man's arms were pinioned but nevertheless he cast a defiant look upon those around him.
"Bradley, this is a grave charge against you. What have you to say?" said the chairman.
"What authority have you to ask?" demanded the blacksmith fiercely, eyeing his interrogator.
"The authority of the people of Tennessee," was the reply.
"I deny it."
"Your denials amount to nothing. You are accused of harboring an abolitionist, and the penalty of that act you know is death. What have you to say to the charge?"
"I say that it is a base lie, and that he who utters such charges against me is an infamous scoundrel!"
"Simpson," said the chairman to the leader of the band that had captured Bradley, and who now appeared with a large bandage about his head, to bind up a wound which was the result of a blow from the fist of Bradley, "Simpson," continued the chairman, "what have you to say?"
The leader then stated that he had tracked the preacher in the blacksmith's shop, and that the prisoner refused to give any information concerning him.
"Do you hear that, Mr. Bradley?" said the chairman.
"I do-what of it?" was the reply.
"Is it true?"
"Yes."
"Where is the preacher?"
"That is none of your business."
"Mr. Bradley, this tribunal of the people is not to be insulted with impunity. I again demand to know where Mr. Peters is. Will you tell?"
"No."
"Mr. Bradley, it is well known that your are a member in Mr. Peters' church, and therefore some little excuse is to made for your zeal in defending him. He is from the North, and has been suspected, and is now accused of being an abolitionist and a dangerous man. You do not deny sheltering him, and refusing to give him up. If you persist in this, you must take the consequences. I ask you, for the last time, if you will inform us of his whereabouts?"
"And again I answer-No!"
"Mr. Bradley, there is also another serious charge against you, and your conduct in the present instance fully confirms it. You are accused of giving aid and comfort to the enemies of your country. What have you to say to that?"
"I say it is false, and he who makes it is a villain!"
"I accuse him of being a traitor, aiding the cause of the Union," said Simpson.
"If my adherences to the Union merits for me the name of traitor, then I am proud of it. I have been for the Union, am still for the Union, and will be for the Union so long as life lasts!"
At these words the chairman clutched a pistol that lay upon the table before him; and the bright blade of Simpson's bowie knife glittered near Bradley's breast, but before he could make the fatal plunge a swift-winged messenger of death laid him dead at the feet of his intended victim; while, at the same instant, another plunged into the heart of the chairman, and he fell forward over the table, extinguishing the light and leaving all in darkness.
Confusion reigned. The inmates of the room were panic stricken.
In the midst of the consternation, a firm hand rested upon Bradley's shoulder-his bonds were severed, and he hurried out of the open window. He was again a free man but hastened toward the woods at the back of the tavern, and through them to a road of a quarter of a mile distant-then into a wagon, as was driven off. In half an hour the smith made one of the party at the rendezvous, that was to start at midnight across the mountains.
"John," said the patriotic smith, as he grasped the hand of his rescuer, while his eyes glistened and a tear coursed down his furrowed cheek, "I should much like to see Mattie before I go."
"You shall," was the reply.
In another hour the blacksmith clasped his daughter to his bosom.
It was an affecting scene-there, in that lone house in the wilderness, surrounded by men who had been driven from their house for their attachment to the principles for which the patriot fathers fought, bled and died-the sturdy old smith, a type of the heroes of other days, pressing his daughter to his breast, while the tears coursed down his furrowed cheeks.
He felt that perhaps it was to be his last embrace, for his resolute heart had resolved to sacrifice all upon the alter of his country, and he could no longer watch over the safety of his only child. Was she to be left to the mercy of the parricidal wretches who were attempting to destroy the country that had given them birth, nursed their infancy and opened a wide field for them wherein to display the abilities with which nature had endowed them?
"Mr. Bradley," said his rescuer, after a short pause, "as you leave the State it will be necessary, in these troublous time, for Mattie to have a protector, and I have thought that our marriage had better take place tonight."
"Well, John," he said, as he relinquished his embrace and gazed with a fond, look at her who was so dear to him, "I shall not object, if Mattie is willing."
"Oh, we arranged that as we came along," replied the young man.
Mattie blushed but said nothing.
In a short time the hunted down minister was called upon to perform a marriage service in that lost house.
It was an impressive scene. Yet no diamonds glittered upon the neck of the bride-no pearls looped upon her tresses, but a pure love glowed within her heart as she gave utterances to a vow which was registered in heaven.
Bradley, soon after the ceremony, bade his daughter and her husband an affectionate farewell, and set out with his friends to join others who had been driven from their houses, and were now rallying under the old flag, to fight for the Union, and as they said, "Redeem old Tennessee!"
Harper's Weekly Magazine, March 29, 1862, p. 202.[7]
29, Action at Belmont [see March 28-April 3, 1863, above]
29, Affair at Moscow-attack on passenger train
MARCH 29, 1863.-Affair at Moscow, Tenn.
Report of Maj. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, U. S. Army.
MEMPHIS, March 30, 1863.
SIR: Yesterday a disgraceful incident occurred. The passenger train was seized about 2 miles this side of Moscow by 12 guerrillas, although it had on board 25 soldiers, armed, and 3 or 5 officers, who yet made no attempt to defend themselves and the public property. The engineer when he discovered the guerrillas started his engine with such suddenness as to break the coupling, ran up to Moscow, took down 100 soldiers, and saved the train.
The passengers were robbed, and the officers and soldiers carried off north. If they are returned under parole, I do not intend to receive them.
Pursuant to directions received in January from Gen. Grant, I am now preparing a list of ten families of secessionists to be sent outside the lines, selecting the most wealthy and prominent in position.
* * * *
The enemy appeared yesterday [i.e., March 29] at Savannah, seized all carpenters and carpenter's tools, and threw a few shells across the river at our cavalry scouts.
Rumors are that they propose to cross. I think this doubtful, but they are closely watched.
Gen. Dodge deserves great credit for his vigilance and activity.
I shall send a regiment of cavalry to stay with Richardson's men, who are banding again. I have their muster-rolls.
The City is quiet.
Your obedient servant,
S. A. HURLBUT, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, p. 485.
29, Confederate attack on carpenters at Savannah, and Union cavalry scouts [see March 29, 1863, Affair at Moscow, above]
29, Special Orders No. 52, Memphis, providing for the exile of wealthy Confederate sympathizers from Memphis as retaliation for a guerrilla attack on train passengers train near Moscow [see March 29, 1863, Affair at Moscow, above]
SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 52. HDQRS. SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tenn., March 29, 1863.
* * * * *
II. A cowardly and murderous attack has been made by guerrillas on a passenger train near Moscow, containing women, children, and citizens, resulting in the capture of part of the passengers and the robbery of all.
Notice was distinctly published on the 4th of January, 1863, by Gen. Orders, No. 10, of the District of Memphis, that such an outrage would be retailed by the means therein described.
It is therefore ordered that Col. D. C. Anthony, provost-marshal of the District of Memphis, forth with select, from the secessionists or rebel sympathizers within this City, the families of the greatest wealth and highest social position, and cause them to be sent south of the lines of the United States forces, not to return. These persons so selected will be allowed to take with them such personal property as may be necessary. Three days will be allowed them after notice to make necessary preparations.
Col. Anthony will report the list to these headquarters, and also his final action on this order.
By order of Maj. Gen. S. A. HURLBUT,
HENRY BINMORE,
Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, p. 154.
29, GENERAL ORDERS, No. 63, relative to banning use of Confederate scrip and regulation of cotton purchases
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 63. HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, Tenn., March 29, 1863.
I. It has been ascertained that persons in this department are dealing in Confederate scrip, thus giving aid and comfort to the rebellion, by making its worthless paper an article of traffic. Any officer, soldier, camp follower, or citizens, within the limits of this department, who shall hereafter buy or sell Confederate currency or its counterfeits will be arrested and punished.
II. Until further notice, the following regulation, will be observed in regard to the purchase of cotton within the lines of this army:
1st. All citizens desiring to purchase cotton must present to the general commanding ample vouchers of unconditional loyalty to the Government, of the United States, and sign an obligation to abide by the regulations herein prescribed.
2d. Immediately on making a purchase they must forward to the provost-marshal-general a statement of the name and place of residence of the producer and the seller, the number of bales purchased, the price to be paid, the amount paid at the time of purchase, and the amount still due.
3d. Whenever it can be done, without injury to the public service, they may be permitted, on presentation of the statement prescribed in the foregoing section, to ship the amounts named in such statements to Nashville. Every bale must, before shipment, be legibly marked with the name of the buyer and that of the seller.
4th. The party from whom the purchase was made will be permitted to receive payment in full, on presenting to the provost-marshal-general proper evidence of loyalty, given under oath before any court of record, or any officer qualified to administer an oath.
5th. Until such evidence is presented and permission to make full payment is given, no purchaser shall pay more than 10 per cent. of the contract price.
6th. After settlement in full, in accordance with the foregoing regulations, permission will be given to ship beyond the limits of this department.
7th. No permission to purchase cotton will be granted to any officer or soldier, sutler, or other person in the military service of the United States.
All officers serving in this department are ordered to report promptly any violation of these orders which may come under their observation. Any cotton purchased contrary to the regulations herein prescribed will be seized and turned over to the quartermaster's department, to be sold for the benefit of the Government.
By command of Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 189.
29, "Night before last we had an awful time." Frank M. Guernsey's letter to Fannie
Memphis, Tennessee
March 29th, 1863
Dear Fannie
It is sunday [sic] to day [sic] and I will while [sic] away a few of these dull moments by talking a while with you. I am yet in the hospital but not where I was when I wrote you. Our Regiment has moved out of the Navy Yard all but one company, and are now encamped in a beautiful grove just in the suburbs of the city. Our hospital had to be moved from the comfortable buildings and we are now located in tents, it is not near so comfortable as the houses were, but you know that soldiers must put up with any thing that comes along. Night before last we had an awful time. We had the hardest storm of wind and rain I have ever seen since I have been south. We expected our tents would blow down every moment and then we would have been exposed to a perfect torrent of rain which we should have had to lain and taken as there was no dodging it there was many a thankful heart when the storm abated and we found that our tents were still standing and we were comparatively dry the water ran in streams all over the ground in our tents but as we all have cots it did not affect us farther than the dampness of the ground naturaly [sic] would a person last night the wind blew a perfect gale and has all day to day the weather has been so damp and cold that I have not ventured out any yet. I am waiting for a few sunny days and then I shall venture out a little.
It is beginning to look very much like spring down here the grass is green and growing rapidly the trees are putting forth their green leaves, the peach trees are in full bloom there is a very singular variety of Peach blossoms I will send you & Sarah a specimen that a friend picked and brought in to me yesterday. I have not heard from you for over two weeks which time seems very long since I have been confined. I shall expect to get one this week anyway. I have not seen Glen. for two days, but he is well and would send his best respects if he were here, but Dear Fanny I see that I must close. I have to content myself with writing short letters yet as I am pretty weak, but good by please give my love to all and not forgetting your own dear little self.
I am as ever Yours affectionately
Frank M. Guernsey
Guernsey Collection.
29, "But I fear that I am giving way at last under this long, long pressure of anxiety and tension upon the nerves." An entry from the War Journal of Lucy Virginia French
Today a cold nipping wind is blowing and it is cloudy – a disagreeable day for Spring. Mollie and the Col. have gone to Church. I should have like to have gone but was not well enough. Neither could I go on Friday the 27th which was a day of thanksgiving and prayer, appointed by the President. I feel very weak inwardly – somehow prostrated entirely, since my last attack of headache – and I am very nervous and languid, I feel tired as soon as I get my clothes on in the morning. I do my utmost to shake off this depression and disease – try to exercise, and move about, and endeavor to persuade myself that there is nothing the matter with me. But I fear that I am giving way at the last under this long, long pressure of anxiety and tension upon the nerves. Yesterday I drew of Darlin' for the plan of his new house – and was delighted with it. But the thought will come to me – I shall never see that house built – I shall never enjoy it. I do not believe I shall. Oh! that I could feel once more fresh and strong and full of energy and vitality! There is so much that I want to do – as little that I do accomplish! I seem to myself to fritter many months and years in being half-sick and straining all the time to accomplish little, pretty domestic duties – making this do, and turning that to some advantage – when I know I ought to be busied about more important things – yet who can tell – a hundred years hence, and it will be all the same. Last night there was rumor that Forrest had captured 8000 Yankees – with wagons, stores, etc., near Franklin. This is the only thing of consequence in a day or two past. I have not learned who the company of 28 cavalry were who passed here this morning going to town – (learned afterwards that they were merely a scouting party with some prisoner).
War Journal of Lucy Virginia French.
29, Bodyguards and the Buildup for the Middle Tennessee Campaign. Excerpts from the letter of Captain Gershom M. Barber in Murfreesboro to his wife
Head Quarters 1st Battalion O. V. S. S.
Murfreesboro Tennessee March 29 1863
My Dear Wife
This day has passed and it is now 9 o'clock and I have had no time to write until all are in bed. I expect you have written to me today and I must keep good my resolution to write you ever Sunday if not oftener. This forenoon we had we had general expectation "in heavy marching orders". This afternoon I took a ride to the front. Went to the advanced picket lines to see how it looked. I saw enough of the havoc of war. This was a beautiful country. Beautiful County Seats and seen all around to the town and for miles fitted up in a much elegance as we can produce now all desolate, not a fence rail left standing nor shred vestiges of anything outside of the buildings powerless to show the taste and elegance they once exulted. All is now covered with the images of war. The roadside is lined with ordinance. Ohio six, 108 & 120. Parrots howitzers and Dahlgrens of every size often at every step like the dogs of Enlius and that in every direction. Some new movements are a foot on Friday about 14000 troops mostly old regiments took the cars and left towards Eagleville so quietly that it was hardly at head quarters out side of Gen Rosys own room and every available man was at once put to work on the fortifications. I was called on for a detail of 70 men and they have been at work like horses the last ten days. Sunday is a day of rest in Rosecrans army and to day all work on the fortifications has ceased. Shelter tents are being issued to the regiments and general inspections and review have been held all over the army. All looking towards some general movements what it will be we can only surmise. One thing is known if the enemy attacks us they will get whipped. They all say when the Gen's body guard to took [?] in the fortifications something must be up since Gen. Rosy and General Thomas body guard[s] have both been at work in the fortifications the last ten days.
Our position is very favorable as the Gen. bodyguard we do not have to take part in every skirmish and new move faster or farther threats and are not called on for extra details except in case of emergency. We buried another man yesterday belonging to Capt. Coir Company a victim of the measles he died suddenly. Our men are doing well. We have men in the hospital but some will be out in a few days. This afternoon I had thoughts of home and would like to step into you quiet sitting room and spent the evening with you….
Barber Correspondence
29, "…I can say to you that my arm is very sore from vaccination." The letter of Corporal W. C. Tripp[8], Company B, 44th Tennessee Infantry, in Tullahoma, to his wife Martha
[W.C. Tripp to Martha Ann Tripp, his wife]
Tullahoma Coffee County March 29th 1863
Dear Wife I Seat my self to drop you a few lines to let you know that I received your very kind letter which gave me much satisfaction to hear from you all although I learn that Some of you were not well though I hope you are not serious but for fear of accident take good care of your selves this leaves me well and all the boys only Tom Tripp is very unwell and has been for some few days though I think he is better. R. H. Mclure is not very well at present though nothing serious.
There is no talk of us leaving here yet that I know of I have nothing of much importance to rite [sic] to you at present more than we have cold weather here at this time not very favorable for your planting your corn without you aim to plant winter corn Save your seed beans yet awhile shure [sic].
I am happy to learn that you were lucky in the way of keeping your black boy If I had been at home I suppose we would not meet with such good luck there is one advantage you have of me & I had heard of Aarons bad luck before you wrote to me and I was very sorry to hear it I state to you as you did to me I hope that you will take good care of your self and as to your wanting to see me there is no use in talking you cannot want to see me as bad as I want to see you and the children and pap and mother & I can say to you that my arm is very sore from vaccination & I told Polk Smith what you stated in your letter and also I told Thomas Tripp howdy for you and he sends howdy to you all. I want you if we stay here and the weather gets mild to come up and see me the first good chance you have. I will get you that copperas the first chance I have to do so. S.M. Walker and Robert Crutchfiled send their best love and compliments to you all and says they want to see you all.
I can say to you Co (B) is drilling with the artilery [sic] once every day so as they may know how to use it when they take a battery they then can turn it upon the Enemy [sic] and shoot at them to effect and some two or three companies are drilling in skirmishing drill on the field so that we may be prepared to meet the foe at any point or place in the conflict.
Tell Mr. John Smith that I would like to see him but as I cannot I want you to rite to me and also I want you to come up and see me as soon as you can as it is some consolation to see any one from home or the settlement let them be whom they may. so [sic] nothing more at present only rite soon and fail not I remain your affectionate husband until Death
MSCC/CWRC
29-31, Confederates cross Cumberland River near Hartsville
GALLATIN, March 30, 1863--4.30 p. m. Brig.-Gen. GARFIELD:
GEN.: Within twenty-four hours 60 rebels have crossed Cumberland River in canoes, swimming their horses, this side of Hartsville; 17 between Hartsville and stone house, and quite a number between stone house and Carthage. They got back into the high hills between the river and the Kentucky line, crossed the river little north of this town, going into Robertson County. Some have crossed below Nashville, and are scattered through the country between this and Springfield. I hourly expect they will attack the railroad from 20 to 40 miles north of this.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 192.
GALLATIN, March 31, 1863.
Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
GEN.: A messenger arrived last night informing me that the rebels are still crossing. A party crossed between here and Nashville. I sent a party after them. They are concentrating about Hartsville. Either they intend to attack Gen. Crook or to go into Kentucky and attack the railroad, and thence to Eastern Kentucky.
They have planted two cannon on a bend of the Cumberland, so as to command the stream up and down.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 195.
29, Skirmish between Bolivar and Somerville
Report of Maj. P. Jones Yorke, Second New Jersey Cavalry, of skirmish near Bolivar.
HDQRS. FIRST Brig., CAVALRY DIVISION, 16TH CORPS, Camp Grierson, near Memphis, March 30, 1864.
CAPT.: I inclose two reports received this day from scouting parties from my command.
I respectfully call attention to the fact that the cavalry which repulsed Col. Hurst must be a force which we have not taken into consideration, as it seems not to have been McCulloch's, and could not have been Forrest's.
I have every road near me picketed at a distance of from 2 to 3 ½ miles.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. E. WARING, JR., Col. Fourth Missouri Cavalry, Cmdg.
HDQRS. DETACHMENT FIRST CAVALRY BRIGADE,
Raleigh, Tenn., March 30, 1864--12 m.
Col. Hurst, Sixth Tennessee Cavalry, was attacked and whipped yesterday between Somerville and Bolivar by a brigade of the enemy's cavalry. He lost all his trains, Capt. Moore killed, the surgeon captured, and a great many men killed, wounded, and missing. As it was reported by a prisoner I captured yesterday afternoon near Somerville that a force under Gen. Chalmers from LaGrange was advancing toward this river, I thought it best to fall back and hold the ferries at Shelby and this point.
I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. JONES YORKE, Maj., Cmdg. Department.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. I, p. 585.
Nathan Bedford Forrest apparently considered this an engagement, as this excerpt shows:
JACKSON, TENN., April 2, 1864.
Lieut.-Gen. POLK:
SIR:
* * * *
Col. Neely engaged Hurst on the 29th of March near Bolivar, capturing his entire wagon train, routing and driving him to Memphis, killing 30 and capturing 35 prisoners, killing 2 captains and capturing 1....
* * * *
N. B. FORREST, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 733.
General Chalmers added the following detail to the route of Colonel Hurst's Sixth Cavalry in his April 20, 1864 address to his troops on their raid into West Tennessee: "Col. Neely, of the Thirteenth Tennessee, [CS] met the traitor [Fielding] Hurst at Bolivar, and after a short conflict, in which we killed and captured 75 prisoners of the enemy, drove Hurst hatless into Memphis, leaving in our hands all his wagons, ambulances, papers, and his mistresses, both black and white."
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 31, pt. I, p. 623.
29, Federal scouts, to 2½ miles south of Red Clay
CLEVELAND, TENN., March 29, 1864.
Brig. Gen. WILLIAM D. WHIPPLE, Chief of Staff, Department of the Cumberland:
I have the honor to report that my scouts have just reported from 2 ½ miles south of Red Clay. Lines of the enemy on that and Spring Place road the same; everything quiet except firing (artillery) in direction of Ringgold or Tunnel Hill. Another scouting party from Spring Place road report Martin's cavalry command moving around on the left of their line to a place called Blue Pond or Blue Mountain.
Eight thousand infantry from Longstreet's command said to have joined Johnston's forces at Dalton.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. P. CAMPBELL.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 179.
29, "Mount Olivet Cemetery"
The Local of the Press [sic] visited this cemetery last Saturday evening, and for a time revelled [sic] in its melancholy beauty. "Though this is still one of the most beautiful; cities of the dead,' (he says,) the iron heel of war has left its imprint on its history. Many of its shade trees and much of the shrubbery have been wantonly destroyed, and several private vaults have been broken open, the door robbed of their silver mounting, and, in some cased, the tops of the coffins have been forced open. All good men, whether citizens or soldiers, should frown down such shameful lawlessness, and endeavor to bring the guilty party to punishment. The home of the dead should be the most sacred spot on earth, and every precaution used to prevent bad men from touching it with their polluted hands. The enclosure has been torn down, and cattle now roam over the graves at will, and the graveyard is not the sacred spot that it should be."
Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1864.
29, "Jack McGavock Shot."
One of the most notorious thieves and desperate of negroes [sic] in this neighborhood, was shot by the guard about eight o'clock yesterday morning. Mr. William Patterson, the superintendent, had taken Jack, with others, from the workhouse to near the water works, when Jack broke away and ran some distance refusing to halt when called upon. A shot was fired after him, but still he pushed on, when Mr. Patterson, Jack being about eighty yards off, fired again, the ball entering the back and killing him instantly. P.B. Coleman, at the work house, when the jury returned a verdict in accordance with the above facts, adding "that the jury do further find that said Patterson was fully justified, by the law of the State of Tennessee in shooting said negro [sic]." The jury consisted of W. H. Fuller, W. D. Howe, Wm. T. Wright; Wm. Buchanan, N. W. Moore, Wm. B. Powell, W. F. Simpson.
Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1864.
29, Encounter of the bovine kind on the Nashville & Northwestern Railroad
"The Northwestern Railroad."
A raid was made upon the Northwestern road on Tuesday [29th] evening by some Confederates, who captured a train and tore up a large portion of the track. A large force of infantry has been sent in the direction with Gen. Gillem at the head, but the birds will have flown before he reaches where they were.
Nashville Dispatch, March 31, 1864.
The Raid on the Northwestern Railroad. – After a diligent inquiry, we have learned the particulars of the raid upon the Northwestern Railroad, to which allusion was made in the Dispatch of yesterday. It appears that the engineer saw the enemy some distance ahead, but thought he had better put on a bold front and push ahead. To give notice of something in the wind he blew his horn, and the enemy fell back; the engineer then "let her rip," the cow jumped on the track and the locomotive jumped off, carrying with it down a fifteen feet embankment seven cars. The engineer was somewhat injured, the cow was killed, and the cars were smashed up to some extent, as might naturally be expected.
Nashville Dispatch, April 1, 1864.
29, First Lieutenant Robert Cruikshank, 123rd New York Infantry Regiment, letter home to his wife Mary
Camp 123rd Regt. [sic], N. Y. S. V.
Elk River, Tenn.,
March 29, 1864.
Dear Mary,-
We have had several fine, warm days almost like the days of June at home. We have plenty to do every day. There was a Rev. Mr. Bell preached for us last Sabbath. I hear we are to have a Chaplain again, a Mr. White, formerly of Whitehall, N. Y., a Methodist minister….
* * * *
We are drilling three hours every day now. All reports and muster rolls are being made out, arms and accouterments are being put into the best of order and everything looks as if we were to move soon.
Write as often as you can if you do not hear from me and I will get it sometime. We have no orders yet, nor do I know when they will come. I am only expecting they may come at any time.
With love to all,
R. Cruikshank.
Robert Cruikshank Letters.
The Northwestern Road. – A raid was made upon the Northwestern road on Tuesday [29th] evening by some Confederates, who captured a train and tore up a large portion of the track. A large force of infantry has been sent in the direction with Gen. Gillem at the head, but the birds will probably have flown before he reaches where they were.
Nashville Dispatch, March 31, 1864
29-31, Scout from Lookout Valley to Deer Head Cove, Ga.
MARCH 29-31, 1864.-Scout from Lookout Valley to Deer Head Cove, Ga.
Report of Capt. George W. Woolly, One hundred and second Illinois Infantry.
HDQRS. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND ILL. VOL. INFTY., Lookout Valley, Tenn., March 31, 1864.
SIR: In accordance with your orders I proceeded with 13 men, on the night of the 29th, to Trenton, which I reached at daylight of the 30th, where I remained until 7 o'clock and then moved to the Easley farm, but having no reliable information of the movements of the enemy I procured a guide of the name of Long and ascended the mountains at that point by what is known as the State road. I then followed the crest of the mountain to a point opposite Trenton, where I descended by a part known as the Seaton or Silton Gap, without seeing an enemy. I learned from a resident of the mountain by the name of McKaig that there were on Sunday last about 20 or 30 rebel soldiers on the mountain at that point, and last heard from they were proceeding toward a gap known as Campbell's Gap on the other side of the mountain. I could discover no trace of an enemy, either by sign of camp or track of horses since the rain.
While at Long's house in the valley, some 4 or 5 miles above Trenton, I discovered a flag on the Raccoon Mountain at a point, I should judge, about 7 miles above Trenton. Having no glass my view was very indistinct, but should think it was used for signal purposes; and while on Lookout Mountain I observed smoke in that vicinity, much resembling the smoke of a camp. One of the rebel soldiers that was on Lookout Mountain on Sunday wished to ascertain from McKaig the disposition of the Federal forces at Wauhatchie; also wished to know if there were Federal forces stationed at Whiteside's, and also stated that picking up deserters was not his present business. He asked McKaig if the (McKaig) thought he could get to Bridgeport, and rather inferred that he was ordered to that place. I observed the Lookout Valley from different point on Lookout Mountain, but could discover no movements of the enemy therein.
GEO. W. WOOLLY, Capt., Cmdg. Scout.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. I, p. 652.
29, "The 'Forty Thieves.'"
This gang of juvenile thieves are [sic] still operating in our city. Yesterday several of them were engaged in selling oranges and lemons, with a basket on their arms. They resort to every petty species of merchandising to avert suspicion, and under the cover of their traffic, succeed in robbing their victims. We are informed that a portion of the gang left for Huntsville and Chattanooga yesterday morning to prosecute their labors in a more "congenial clime." Some five or six of them have been arrested here, and convicted. This may tend to disperse the band, as the police and citizens are on the alert for them. Their debut in Nashville has proved very unsuccessful, and there is no prospect of their keeping out of the clutches of our police if they remain. Under these circumstances we would suggest to "the boys" that they procure a pass from the Provost Marshal and return to Louisville. They may be sufficiently skilled in the art of picking pockets and stealing calico, for that city, but they are sadly deficient in the necessary requisites for their business in such a city as this. Stealing has been reduced to a science here, and the most proficient of the calling are "gobbled" daily. It is folly of the "forty thieves" or any other thieves to enter into competition with the experts of this place, Dick Turpin and Sixteen String Jack[10], if they were living, would starve to death in less than a week in this city, if they were not assassinated before they got fairly under way.
Nashville Dispatch, March 29, 1865.
[1] According to the editors of the Papers of Andrew Johnson, Vol. 5, endorsements attached to the order indicate that Mayor Cheatham was arrested on March 30, and sent to the Provost Marshal and ultimately to jail. Cheatham asked for parole later, see below.
[2] Special Dispatch to the Cincinnati Gazette, Savannah, Tenn., March 28, Via Cairo, in the Chicago Tribune, March 29. As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu.
[3] Not found.
[4] As cited in PQCW.
[5] A noted American grammarian, 1745-1828.
[6] As cited in PQCW.
[7] As cited in: www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/march: see also: Freedom's Champion,[Atchison, KS], May 31, 1862; The Dakotian [Yankton SD], June 24, 1862 and The Scioto Gazette [Chillicothe OH], November 8, 1864, as cited in http://galegroup.com.
The 44th was a veteran unit, and had served since before the Battle of Shiloh. In 1864 the regiment was sent to the Virginia front. At some point Tripp was captured and imprisoned at Point Lookout. Released from there when the war ended, he became ill and died before reaching his home where his wife and children were waiting for him. W. C. Tripp is buried in Arlington National Cemetery because the U. S. Government has the responsibility of burying all P.O.W.s who die while in custody. At the time, Arlington was not a National Cemetery but was simply a government-seized burying ground.
Martha Ann Tripp married a second husband in 1901. Both are buried at Waller Cemetery near Liberty Hill in Moore County, TN.
These letters are made available by Mr. Joel Fanning of Lynchburg, TN. The orginal spelling and punctuation has been retained.
[9] Referenced in neither the OR nor Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee.
[10] Dick Turpin and John Rann, also known as Sixteen String Jack, were highwaymen during the 1700s. Dick Turpin plied his trade in England and was hanged in 1739. Sixteen String Jack, so named for the eight strings with tassels at each knee of his breeches, terrorized Scotland until his hanging in 1774. Thanks to Kassandra Hassler, TSL&A Reference Department.
James B. Jones, Jr.
Public Historian
Tennessee Historical Commission
2941 Lebanon Road
Nashville, TN 37214
Public Historian
Tennessee Historical Commission
2941 Lebanon Road
Nashville, TN 37214
(615)-770-1090 ext. 115
(615)-532-1549 FAX
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